M- 014 BONUS. Do you think it is likely that modern If so, what would be the cau
ID: 220299 • Letter: M
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M- 014 BONUS. Do you think it is likely that modern If so, what would be the cause? Briefly explain your a class for full credit) (2pts) humans will over undergo speciation? nswer Imust use concepts from Applying concepts learned in chapter 15: Tracing Evolutionary History (12 pts) 015. The earliest discovered fossils are of years ago. (1 pt) dating back to a) single-celled eukaryotes; 4.5 billion b) prokaryotes; 3.5 billion c) algae; 1 billion d) fish; 600 million Q16. You find the frozen remains of a woolly mammoth in an Alaskan glacier. You analyze a bit of the tusk and find that its 14C:12C ratio is about one-fourth (25%) of the baseline level typically found in living organisms. Given that the half-life of 14C is 5,730 years, when did the mammoth die? (1 pt) a) 5730 years old b) almost 12,000 years ago c) at least 25,000 years ago d) approximately 75,000 years ago Q17. Cave-dwelling catfish and cave-dwelling salamanders share striking similarities: Both organisms lack pigmentation, and their eyes are reduced or absent. The most recent common ancestor to these organisms had normal pigmentation and fully developed eyes. The similarities between cave catfish and cave salamanders are an example of (1 pt) a) convergent homology b) analogy (convergent evolution) c) homology d) exaptation Q18. In mammals, the presence of four limbs is and hair is (1 pt) a) a shared derived character; a shared ancestral character that places mammals in the tetrapod clade b) a shared ancestral character, a shared derived character unique to mammals c) a homologous feature; an analogous feature d) monophyletic; parsimonious 19. Briefly describe how biogeography provides strong evidence for evolution (2 pts)Explanation / Answer
15)prokaryotes, 3.5 billion years
16)almost 12000years ago
17) analogy convergent evolution
18) a shared ancestral character, a shared derived character unique to mammals
19)Biogeography is the study of the geographical distributions of biological organisms. For scientists who study evolution, biogeography is often an important part of their analysis, because it provides compelling proof for their theory. This is because many geographical features -- oceans, rivers, mountains and islands -- provide barriers to species, allowing scientists to observe how they evolve separate from one another.
Continents, Plate Tectonics and Islands
One of the most significant pieces of biogeographical proof for evolution comes from the more specific study of island or continental biogeography. Many of Charles Darwin's most important discoveries occurred on remote islands, such as the Galapagos. In these remote locations, Darwin noticed that there were unique species, and that these species were not found anywhere else. More importantly, these animals were not found in similar climate zones elsewhere on Earth. It's from this insight that much of evolution's most important biogeographical proof emanates. Darwin sought to answer the question, "Why do animals on distant and isolated landmasses appear related, but distinct?" Evolution was his answer.
Oceanic Islands
Since the beginnings of the theory of evolution, Charles Darwin used isolated oceanic islands -- most famously South America's Galapagos Islands -- to show how isolated environments seemed to give rise to new species. In the case of the Galapagos, Darwin asked the question of why the Galapagos and the Cape Verde Islands, which are off the coast of northwestern Africa, have such different species, despite having nearly identical climates. More importantly, Darwin observed that the species on both islands appeared to be closely related to the species on the nearest continent. Darwin concluded that the animals on these isolated islands must have been originally from the nearby continent, but because they were separated from the other species on the continent, they gradually evolved into something different over thousands of years.
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