1. Multiple choice: Large clinical trials have been performed to compare the vac

Question

1. Multiple choice:
Large clinical trials have been performed to compare the vaccine efficacy of the live-attenuated influenza virus vaccine with that of the
inactivated virus vaccine. In all, data from over 25,000 children aged 6–71 months were analyzed. The conclusion was that the children who received the live-attenuated vaccine reported 50% fewer cases of influenza than those who received the inactivated vaccine. One difference in the immune response elicited by the live-attenuated versus the inactivated vaccine is:
A. The live-attenuated vaccine elicits higher antibody titers than the inactivated vaccine.
B.   The live-attenuated vaccine elicits antibodies with higher affinities than the inactivated vaccine.
C. The live-attenuated vaccine elicits increased numbers of CD4 TFHcells than the inactivated vaccine.
D. The live-attenuated vaccine elicits antiviral CD8 effector responses but the inactivated vaccine does not.
E. The live-attenuated vaccine induces antibodies of the IgA isotype, but
the inactivated vaccine does not.

2. Multiple choice:
Safety concerns in the latter part of the twentieth
century prompted the development of an acellular formulation of a vaccine directed against Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. This acellular vaccine, made from a mixture of four B. pertussis proteins, was designed to replace the whole-cell B. pertussis vaccine, made from inactivated intact bacteria. Subsequent studies showed that the mechanisms of protection varied between the whole-cell and the acellular
B. pertussis vaccines. One major difference was that the B. pertussis LPS present in the whole-cell vaccine stimulated dendritic cells to produce IL-23. As a result, the whole-cell B. pertussis vaccine, rather than the acellular vaccine, likely induced:
A. A robust antibody response comprised primarily of IgA
B. A robust systemic antibody response comprised primarily of IgG
C. A strong inflammatory response leading to septic shock
D. A robust cellular response comprised primarily of TH17 cells
E. A robust cellular response comprised primarily of TFHcells

3. Multiple
choice:
Conjugate vaccines, such as those developed against H. influenzaetype B and N. meningitidistype C, provide protection in small children and infants that are unable to make antibody responses to isolated polysaccharide antigens. However, one group of individuals that would generate antibody responses to the purified polysaccharide vaccine that are as effective as the antibodies they would make in response to the conjugate vaccine is:
A. Older individuals, such as those over the age of 50
B. Infants with X-linked SCID
C. Individuals with X-linked agammaglobulinemia
D. Individuals with hyper-IgM syndrome due to CD40-ligand deficiency
E. Individuals with chronic granulomatous disease due to deficiencies in integrin expression

Explanation / Answer

1. The live attenutated vaccine usually generate CD8 response where inactivated vaccine does not.. Hence, option d is correct.  

2. A robust antibody consist of immunoglubin consist mainly of immunoglubin G. Hence, option B Is correct.

3. Individual with X linked agammaglobulinemia will generate antibody response to purified pokysaccharide vaccine.

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