A component of the body\'s second line of defense does not include Select one: •

Question

A component of the body's second line of defense does not include Select one: • a. cell-mediated apoptosis O b. an inflammatory response to recent injury O c. phagocytes ingesting invading organisms O d. anti-microbial activity due to lysozyme excreted in tears In a neuron, the resting potential is caused by Select one: O a. excess sodium inside the cell, O b. open k channels. O c. depolarization O d. open Natchannels Viral infected cells sometimes secrete a substance called interferon, which diffuses to other cells and protects them against viral infection. Which is not a possible mechanism by which interferon works? Select one. O a. stimulating host cel DNA to produce an antiviral protein O b. initiating a chain of events which ultimately blocks viral protein synthesis at the host cell ribosomes O c. producing a substance which protects the cell against many different kinds of invading viruses O d. destroying the nibosomes of invading viruses

Explanation / Answer

Component of body's second line of defence does not include lysozyme excreted in the tear due to antimicrobial activity. Lysozyme is carried in the vesicle.Vesicle fuse with plasma membrane and then material is dumped outside by a process called degranulation. It damages extracellular matrix of bacteria and then neutrophils carry out phagocytosis.

In neuron resting potential is caused by open K channel: interior of cell negative and exterior is positive. Excess sodium inside cell or open sodium channel favour the process of depolarization(interior positive) means try to generate action potential. Then potassium channels open up and K+ relesed outside of the cell to neutralize the positive charge of cell interior.

Interferon diffuses to other cells and in response of interferon cell produces a enzyme protein kinase R that phosphorylate eukaryotic initiation factor2 ( eIF2). eIF2 forms a inactive complex with eIF2B and reduce protein synthesis within the cell. Another enzyme RNAse L reduce protein synthesis of both host and virus. Also increse P53 activity which promotes apoptosis. So correct option is a.

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