7. (A) What are the two general types of cell-cycle regulatory proteins that int

Question

7. (A) What are the two general types of cell-cycle regulatory proteins that interact together and play a role as "positive regulators" that advance a cell through its cell-cycle checkpoints and enter mitosis? (B) The article mentions a type of protein that interferes with the functioning of regulatory proteins that advance the cell cycle. What is the general name of this type of interfering protein? (C) Which of these two classes of proteins (those in part A or B above) would you hypothesize to have lower levels of expression in cancer cells…and WHY?

Explanation / Answer

Ans a) The two general types of proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are the cyclin dependent protein kinase. The cyclin are check point proteins which depends on regulatory proteins called as Cdks or cyclin dependent protein kinases. This allows the regulation of the cell cycle by checking all the requirements. Cyclins are the proteins which helps in driving the process of cell cycle are present at each check point. There are G1 Cyclin, G1/S cyclin, S-cyclin and M-cyclin. The cyclins are activated with help of another set of proteins which are known as cyclin dependent kinases. The CDK phosphorylate the cyclin by addition of specific target protein making it active.

Ans b) The presence of the Cdk inhibitor is one which interferes with the regulation process of the cell cycle when it encounters a damaged DNA.

Ans c) During the cancer cell the inhibitors will have lower level of expression as there will be no interference in the movement of the cell cycle. The cells will continuously proliferate.

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