Page 4 of 9 42. In BIO295 lab, physiological and biochemical traits of the genus
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Page 4 of 9 42. In BIO295 lab, physiological and biochemical traits of the genus Staphylococcus include; a) The presence of the catalase enzyme in Staphylococcus aureus b) The fermentation of mannitol salt by Staphylococcus aureus c) The fact that and Staphylococcus epidermidis does not ferment mannitol d) all of the above e) none of the above 43. Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus aureus include; ) coagulase, an enzyme that clots plasma b) hyaluronidase (spreading factor) c) enzymes that inactivate penicillin (penicillinase) d) toxic products such as hemolysins e) all of the above 44. Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of S. aureus. "It is surprising that a bactertum with such great potential for virulence as Staphylococcus aureus is a common, intimate human associate [Talaro, 9th Edition]. Which of the following is incorrect? a) Colonization of some infants begins within hours after birth b) The carriage rate for normal healthy adults varies anywhere from 20% to 60% c) Carriage occurs mostly in the anterior nares (nostrils) d) Usually, colonization by S. aureus is associated with symptoms e) All of the above are correct 45, Community Infections by strains of S. aureus are called MSRA. T or F 46. Staphylococcus aureus diseases can be a food intoxication associated with processed meats, potato salad, or dressings that have been contaminated during preparation and left unrefrigerated for a few hours. Because of the high salt tolerance of S aureus, foods containing salt as a preservative are not exempt from food intoxication. The S. aureus Enterotoxins are heat-labile. T or F 47. Regarding Host defenses against S. aureus, humans have a well-developed system of resistance to staphylococcal infections. This VERY IMPORTANT Defense System includes; a) antibodies that are produced against staphylococcal antigens b) the process of phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages c) complement fixation d) inflammation and cell-mediated immunity e) all of the above 48. Biofilms in infections: Many species of gram-positive cocci produce slimes or capsules that contribute to biofilm formation in the body. These thick tenacious films increase adherence in infections and can lead to a variety of complications a) staphylococci produce a slimy matrix that binds them to surfaces b) staphylococci matrix allows them to colonize catheters and artificial valves c) some species of oral streptococci initiate plaque formation and oral diseases d) streptococci that cause endocarditis grow on damaged areas of the heart valves and heart lining e) all of the above are correct 49. Biofilms can have several adverse effects. Which of the following is TRUE? a) Biofilms hide the infectious agent and make it inaccessible to the host defenses. b) Biofilms block the effects of antimicrobic drugs by slowing passage into the embedded microbes. c) Biofilms keep an infectious agent in the body, where it becomes a continued source of pathogens. d) all of the above are true e) none of the above is true 50.Identification of Staphylococcus isolates in clinical samples: Staphylococci are frequently isolated from pus, tissue exudates, sputum, urine, and blood. Which is Incorrect? a) isolation is achieved by inoculation on sheep blood agar b) mannitol salt is used as a selective media c) a and b are correct d) the sample is Gram-stained and observed for bacillus shaped, gram-negative bacteria e)all of the above are correct 51.Staphylococci acquire resistance to new drugs and are difficult to control. Antimicrobic susceptibility tests are used in selecting a correct therapeutic agent. T or F 52. Anti-microbial susceptibility tests include the Kirby-Bauer Method. T or FExplanation / Answer
Answer42=d
All.the above statements are correct.
Staphylococcus is gram positive bacteria mainly have two strains staph. auerus and staph. epidermidis
Staphlococcus auerus is catalase positive because it contain an enzyme catalase.
Mannitol agar is differential medium.in which staphylococcus auerus ferments sugar and produce acid and yellow colonies whereas staphylococcus epidermidis doesnt ferments mannitol and hence pink colonies.
Answer 43=e
All are the virulence factors for staphylocccus auerus.
Answer 44= e
Staphylococcus is normal commensal found in abundant amount im our skin amd nares.
When immunity is low it outgrows other flora and estabkish infection.
Answer45,= false
It is called MRSA( METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUERUS)
Answer46= false
Entertoxin is HEAT STABLE and resistant to digeative protease.
Ingestion of this toxin leads to inflammation ans swelling in individual.
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