23. Normally, the chromosomes of the human genome are organised into: A. 22 homo

Question

23. Normally, the chromosomes of the human genome are organised into:

A. 22 homologous pairs of autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes, comprising around 6.5 billion basepairs of DNA.

B. 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes, comprising around 6.5 billion basepairs of DNA. C. 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes, comprised entirely of heterochromatin, and ranging in size from 10,000 to 100,000 basepairs.

D. 23 haploid autosomes and 2 diploid sex chromosomes, comprising around 3.2 billion basepairs of DNA.

E. Both haploid and diploid chromosomes, ranging in size from 10,0000 to 100,000 basepairs in length.

24. Which statement is false about DNA cloning:

A. The fragment of interest can be cut with two different restriction enzymes.

B. A polylinker is a synthetic DNA fragment with recognition sequences for several restriction enzymes.

C. Blunt ends cannot be generated from a fragment that initially has sticky ends.

D. Ampicillin resistance can be used to select clones that contain your plasmid, only if the cloned fragment is not introduced in the ampicillin resistance gene.

E. Plasmids are replicated at high copy number within the bacterial cell.

25. Sanger DNA sequencing uses to synthesize base-specific truncated DNA strands:

A. RNA polymerase

B. Alkaline phosphatase

C. Ice

D. pH

E. dideoxynucleotide triphosphates

26. Which of the following statements about DNA ligation is FALSE?

A. For enzymatic ligation of two adjacent single strands of DNA, a complementary strand that spans the two ligating strands is required.

B. T4 DNA ligase with phosphoramide-linked AMP attacks the 3'hydroxyl at the nick in two DNA strands undergoing ligation.

C. Hydrogen ions (H+) are a side product of T4 DNA ligase function.

D. T4 DNA ligase completes DNA ligation by catalysing the joining of the 3' OH and the 5' phosphate groups at a nick.

E. T4 DNA ligase can join blunt-ended fragments.

27. Which of the following statements about genomes is NOT true?

A. genomes vary widely in size from species to species

B. genomes vary widely in information content

C. functional parts of genome are more highly conserved (sequence-wise) than non-functional parts

D. prokaryotic genomes are mostly non-functional whereas, eukaryotic genomes are mostly functional

E. chromosomes are information organelles

28. How do modified and unmodified histone subunits become distributed among nucleosomes following replication?

A. The newly synthesized DNA strand contains unmodified histone subunits, while the old strand retains the modified histones.

B. Both strands of DNA are repopulated first with a mixture of modified and unmodified H2A histones, followed by mixtures of H2B, H3, and, finally, H4.

C. Both strands of DNA are repopulated first with a mixture of modified and unmodified H2A and H2B histones, followed by mixtures of H3 and finally mixtures of H4.

D. Both strands of DNA retain H3-H4 modified pairs, and then are repopulated with unmodified H3-H4 pairs, followed by modified and unmodified H2A-H2B.

E. Both strands of DNA retain H2A-H2B modified pairs, and are then repopulated with unmodified H2A-H2B pairs, followed by modified and unmodified H3-H4 pairs.

Explanation / Answer

23. Normally, the chromosomes of the human genome are organised into:
The answer is A. 22 homologous pairs of autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes, comprising around 6.5 billion basepairs of DNA.

24. Which statement is false about DNA cloning:
The answer is A. The fragment of interest can be cut with two different restriction enzymes.

25. Sanger DNA sequencing uses to synthesize base-specific truncated DNA strands:
The answer is E. dideoxynucleotide triphosphates

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