19. This layer of the epidermis contains layers of flattened keratinocytes that

Question

19. This layer of the epidermis contains layers of flattened keratinocytes that are going through apoptosis a. Stratum basale b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum granulosunm d. Stratum lucidum e. Stratum corneum 50. Constant exposure of skin to friction stimulates the formation of a callus which is the thickening of which layer? a. Stratum basale b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum lucidum e. Stratum corneum 51. Keratinization a. Is the process of synthesizing pigment in the skin b. Is the process of cells accumulating keratin c. Is only seen in thin skin d. Is the process of synthesizing pigment and accumulating keratin e. None of the above 52. This skin layer is composed mainly of connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers. a. Hypodermis b. Basement membrane c. Epidermis d. Dermis e. Hypodermis 53. Albinism a. b. c. d. e. Is the absence of melanin Is the absence of carotene Is the absence of both melanin and carotene Is the absence of keratin Is the absence of thick skin 54. Thick skin a. Is found in the palms, soles of the feet and fingertips b. Does not contain hair follicles c. Contains more sweat glands than thin skin d. Contain epidermal ridges c. All of the above 55. Which of the following plays an important role in thermoregulation? a. Merkel cell b. Sebaceous gland c. Sweat gland d. Nail e. Fingerprint

Explanation / Answer

49. c) Stratum granulosum. Stratum granulosum is a sublayer of epidermis that has got its name due to the granular appearance owing to numerous dense, dark stained granules accumulated in this region. Such granules are keratohyalin that supports the assembly of keratin filament in the cytoplasm. The cells that enter this layer becomes flat, cytoplasm is replaced by keratin, nuclei and other cellular organelles begin to lose. Hence this layer contains flattened keratinocytes that are going through apoptosis.

50. e) Stratum corneum. Stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis that harbour dead cells and forms a barrier between outside and internal deep layer and since corneum is in constant exposure to friction, callus formation is stimulated which leads to thickening of stratum corneum.

51. b) Keratinization is the process of accumulating keratin.

52. d) dermis

53. a) absence of melanin is albinism. Melanin is the pigment responsible for giving colours to human skin, hair and eyes. The absence of melanin will completely reduce the ability to give colour to the skin and this condition is known as albinism.

54. a) Thick skin is found in the palms, sole of the feet and fingertips.

55. c) Sweat gland plays an important role in thermoregulation. Sweat gland secretes sweat in the skin in response to high internal body temperature which is further evaporated, removing heat energy from the skin and cooling the body.

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