11. The process of \"targeting\" a protein for degradation via attachment of a s
ID: 216246 • Letter: 1
Question
11. The process of "targeting" a protein for degradation via attachment of a small protein is called:
deadenylation
methyl-transferation
acetylation
ubiquitination
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12.
You have found that a mutation in a gene for a certain transcription factor results in a defect in cartilage formation, but
has no effect on heart formation. A possible explanation would be:
The gene is not expressed in the heart and therefore the mutation has no effect in that particular cell type.
The gene is expressed in the heart but the mutation prevents the protein from activating transcription in the hear
There is no gene for that transcription factor in the heart and therefore the protein is not made in that cell type.
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13. A missense mutation:
a. causes an amino acid substitution
b. creates a stop codon
c. causes a frameshift
d. prevents initiation of translation
e. prevents termination of translatio
6. During the initiation of transcription, what binds to the C terminus of RNA polymerase II and interacts with transcription
factors?
General transcription factors
the negotiator
the mediator
enahncer proteins
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7. Which of the following is NOT a transcription factor structural motif?
helix-turn-helix
zinc zipper
leucine zipper
basic helix-loop-helix
All the above are transcription factor structural motifs
Explanation / Answer
11. Answer: ubiquitination
deadenylation: Removing 3'-poly(A) tail.
methyl-transferation: Transfer of methyl group as part of epigenetics.
acetylation: Transfer of scetyl group as part of epigenetics.
ubiquitination: Marking of protein by ubiqitin for degradation.
12. Answer: The gene is not expressed in the heart and therefore the mutation has no effect in that particular cell type
The gene will be present in both cartilage and heart. So option C is incorrect. Only the expression of the gene differs between the heart and cartilage. Even if the gene is transcribed to a protein which is not activated in heart, it will result in defects. However, no defects is there in heart. So option B is also incorrect and Option A is correct.
13. Answer: a. causes an amino acid substitution
Missence mutation: a. causes an amino acid substitution
Nonsense mutation: creates a stop codon
Addition or deletion : causes a frameshift
Mutation in start codon: prevents initiation of translation
Mutation in stop codon: prevents termination of translation
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