1.Serpentine is a jade-like mineral that contains elevated concentrations of ele

Question

1.Serpentine is a jade-like mineral that contains elevated concentrations of elements such as chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co) which are heavy metals and hazardous to the environment. Although most plants cannot survive in soil that forms from serpentine rock, but a small number of plant species have adaptations that allow them to do so. How can we benefit from these serpentine-adapted plants for the industrial zones?

2.A radioactive isotope is one in which the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy. Radioactive isotopes have many useful applications in biology. Please give two examples that are using for the biological applications and explain briefly.

3.Please explain the transportation of water from roots to the leaves in a tree. Which factors are playing important roles for the transportation?

Explanation / Answer

1. serpentine soils house solely those plant species that may tolerate extreme conditions, in particular:

Low amounts of calcium and high amounts of magnesium
Relatively significant concentrations of nickel, chromium and different heavy metals
Low levels of nitrogen and poor nitrogen uptake

2. Radioisotopes in biology have various applications. Radioisotopes have in-depth application in biological science. Radioisotopes are often incorporated into deoxyribonucleic acid, RNA, and macromolecule both in vivo and in vitro conditions.

a) Chromium-51 is used in the studies of red blood cell survival.

b) Selenium-75 is used in studies of proteins in life sciences research.

c) Cobalt-60 is also used to sterilize medical instruments

3. Water and dissolved minerals from the soil enter plants through their roots. several of the cells on the surface of the root contains root hairs. These projections increase the overall surface area increasing the flexibility of the root to require up additional water.Once water enters the root from the soil it travels to the vascular tissue vessels within the middle of the root. The vascular tissue vessels transport the water up through the stem and into the leaves of the plant.

factors affecting transportation:- The factors affecting transportation in plants include the length of root, relative humidity, temperature, availability of water.

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