1) What is a karyotype? What can it be used for? 2) What is the difference betwe

Question

1) What is a karyotype? What can it be used for?

2) What is the difference between somatic cells and germ cells? What is included in the “germ cell” category?

3) Homologs, homologues, homologous pairs are all the same thing? What do those terms refer to? How are members of the pair similar?

4) What is the difference between allele, gene and locus?

5) The major parts of the mitotic cell cycle are Interphase and M (mitotic) phase. What are the smaller subdivisions of these two processes?

6) What are chromatids? What is the difference between sister chromatids and nonsister chromatids.

7) Define isogamous vs. heterogamous and haploid vs. diploid.

8) Meiosis is composed of two chromosomal division called Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Each of the two divisions consists of Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase and each of these phases is designated I or II according to which division it is a part of. Be sure you know what happens in each phase in regard to the chromosomes, chromatids, spindles and the nuclear envelope. During which phase does synapsis occur and crossing over begin? And in which division, Meiosis I or Meiosis II does the cell go from diploid to haploid? In which division do homologous pairs separate, and in which division do sister chromatids separate? Which division is more similar to Mitosis?

9) What is it about Meiosis I that is the basis of Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment? His Law of Segregation?

10) What are some differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis in mammals?

11) What are the generations in the “alternation of generation” in plants, what is the ploidy of each generation and what does each generation produce (and by which type of cell division?)?

Explanation / Answer

1.karyoptype refer to the number,sizes and shapes of the metaphase chromosome constitute the karyotype or karykram.it is used to study the chromosomal abnormalities.

2.Somatic cells are the building block of our body and divide by mitosis,while germ cells form gametes and present in sex organ and they divide by both mitosis and meiosis.Germ cell includes ovarian and testes germinal epithelium in case of human.

3.Homologs,homologues and homologous are the same thing and refers to the members those having a common ancestor.The members arise from a common ancestor share similarity in the DNA sequence which is main reason for the similarity.

4.Gene refer to the DNA segment which make a functional protein and it is present at a particular locus on the chromosome .There are two alternative form of a gene called as alleles.Example -Gene of plant height having 2 alleles one for kong and one for dwarf height.

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