Write a sentence for each mechanism describing the manner in which the DNA can b

Question

• Write a sentence for each mechanism describing the manner in which the DNA can be transferred from one cell to another.

• Choose a disease or an organism that has a well-documented mechanism of resistance (such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus - MRSA or tuberculosis) and see if you can identify the gene or genes that confer resistance and the method of DNA transfer thought to contribute to its spread. This may be from one organism to another or may simply be passed down from mother to daughter cell due to environmental pressure.

• Finally, discuss the danger that antibiotic resistance poses in today’s society, consider how man has contributed to this and suggest any strategies that you think may be able to halt it or prevent its expansion

• Write a sentence for each mechanism describing the manner in which the DNA can be transferred from one cell to another.

• Choose a disease or an organism that has a well-documented mechanism of resistance (such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus - MRSA or tuberculosis) and see if you can identify the gene or genes that confer resistance and the method of DNA transfer thought to contribute to its spread. This may be from one organism to another or may simply be passed down from mother to daughter cell due to environmental pressure.

• Finally, discuss the danger that antibiotic resistance poses in today’s society, consider how man has contributed to this and suggest any strategies that you think may be able to halt it or prevent its expansion

Explanation / Answer

Each cell of the living organism having specific property of division for which DNA replication is mandatory. This DNA replication occurs during the S stage of interphase. Inside the cell DNA replication starts at specific sites called origin of replication. DNA is double helix coiled structure in that two strands are coiled each other. First step is unwinding of DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides and synthesis of new strands in this process the enzyme ligase plays a key role. Ofter unwinding the double helix and two strands are separated, each strand acts as a template to synthesize new strand with the help of DNA polymerase. Replication always starts at specific sites of DNA which are called as origin of replication. There are number proteins associated in the recognition of the origin site and binds to site and opens the DNA and a Y shape structure is formed and it is called as replication fork. This replicatio forks moves in opposite direction withe the help of helicase as replication proceeds.

Helicase opens up the DNA at the replication fork.

· Single-strand binding proteins coat the DNA around the replication fork to prevent rewinding of the DNA.

· Topoisomerase works at the region ahead of the replication fork to prevent super-coiling.

· Primase synthesizes RNA primers complementary to the DNA strand.

· DNA polymerase III extends the primers, adding on to the 3' end, to make the bulk of the new DNA.

· RNA primers are removed and replaced with DNA by DNA polymerase I.

· The gaps between DNA fragments are sealed by DNA ligase.

Staphylococcus aureus has got daptomycin resistance when treated in prolonged time

There two genes involved in getting the antibiotic resistance

First one is LiaF it is modyfying the phospholopid composition on the cell membrane by creating more positive charge.

Second gene is gdpD and this is activated after the first gene and caused the substancial change in the formation of cell wall which prevents the drug entrance.

Misuse of antibiotics are the main cause for this problem. mankind is the main culprit for this crime. Inproper dose and use of antibiotics in food-produsing animals is increasing the resistance. The use of antibiotics in animals should be monitered by qualified veterinary doctors.

The other factor of growing this resistant bacteria is spreading one man to another

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse W
• Subjects

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.