1. What happened to HR when the subject held their breath (near the end of breat

Question

1. What happened to HR when the subject held their breath (near the end of breath hold)?

2. Assuming this is a sympathetic nervous system effect on the heart, explain how this response was triggered and why.

3. The rate of color change in the beakers is proportional to which physiological variable in the subject?

4. People who hyperventilate my get dizzy due to cerebral vasoconstriction, causing anxiety and further hyperventilation. Such people are sometimes urged to breathe into a paper bag. What good would this do? Explain the physiological mechanisms involved.

5. Explain the difference between a respiratory and a metabolic acidosis.

Explanation / Answer

1.When the subject hold the breath eventually the heart rates goes down example when you do vasalva test pressure increases and prevent venous blood to return to heart so heart receive less blood compared to normal and hence there is decrease in the cardiac output

2.if there is activation of sympathetic system there is increase in the heart rate

4.when hyperventilated people often told to breath out into plastic bag because it helps them to adjust ph balance by increasing CO2 concentration in the blood

Mechanism: when you breath into plastic bag U breath the same air u exhale which has high concentration of CO2

5.Respiratory acidosis is associated with respiration and the main cause is change in the CO2 concentration

Metabolic acidosis is associated with metabolism and the cause is production of organic acids like lactic acid

Metabolic acidosis is more severe

Bicarbonate levels may be Normal or increased in respiratory acidosis

Bicarbonate levels are decreased in metabolic acidosis

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