27. A molecule that undergoes reduction a. becomes phosphorylated b. loses a hyd

Question

27. A molecule that undergoes reduction

a. becomes phosphorylated

b. loses a hydrogen atom

c. gains one or more electrons

d. loses one or more electrons

28. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration:

a. are similar in so far as the electrons obtained from the oxidation of substrates are used to reduce an inorganic terminal electron acceptor

b. are similar in so far as the electrons obtained from the oxidation of substrates are used to reduce an organic terminal electron acceptor

c. are similar in so far as the electrons obtained from the oxidation of substrates enter into membrane-bound electron transport chains that cause a H+ gradient to be formed

d. answers (a) and (b) are both correct

e. answers (a) and (c) are both correct

29. In microbial metabolism:

a. substrates are first completely oxidized and only afterwards are the products used for cell growth in anabolic processes

b. some of the intermediates of catabolism are used for anabolism

c. catabolism and anabolism are tightly coordinated processes that occur simultaneously

d. answers (a) and (c) are both correct

e. answers (b) and (c) are both correct

30. Which of the following statements is true with respect to heterotrophic organisms?

a. They have the ability to use either preformed organic compounds as sources of carbon or they can fix carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis

b. The invariably ferment carbon-containing substrates

c. The use preformed organic compounds as sources of carbon

d. They prefer bacterial cells of the opposite sex during the process of reproduction

31. In aerobically respiring prokaryotic organisms the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle:

a. provides cells with ATP that is required for cell growth

b. provides cells with important anabolic intermediates that are required for growth

c. provides a means to completely oxidize organic substrates

d. answers (a) and (b) are both correct

e. answers (a), (b) and (c) are all correct

32. Which of the following statements are true about bacteria that are photoautotrophs?

a. They derive energy from chemical compounds and obtain carbon from organic compounds

b. They can fix carbon dioxide using electrons derived from the oxidation of an inorganic compound

c. They can fix carbon dioxide using energy derived from light

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

33. Oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP can occur as a result of

a. aerobic respiration wherein oxygen is used as a terminal electron acceptor

b. anaerobic respiration wherein other inorganic molecules (such as nitrate) are used as a terminal electron acceptor

c. a proton motive force

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

34. Which of the following are required for microbial cell growth?

a. reduced cofactors

b. anabolic intermediates

c. energy conserved in chemical bonds

d. only (b) and (c)

e. (a), (b) and (c) are all required

35. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

a. have the same kinds of metabolic pathways, but little else in common

b. have nothing in common

c. have many things in common because they evolved from a common ancestor

d. are identical to each other

36. The metabolism of microorganisms different from plants and animals because they

a. can only use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor

b. can use any element as a terminal electron acceptor

c. can use various chemicals as terminal electron acceptors

d. do not require an electron acceptor

37. Oxidative phosphorylation is made possible by

a. the use of oxygen to reduce NAD+

b. the use of inorganic molecules as a source of carbon

c. fermentation wherein organic compounds are used as a terminal electron acceptor

d. a proton gradient that is formed by an electron transport chain

e. answers (a), (b) and (c) are all correct

38. The growth of almost all bacteria in the environment

a. is limited by cool temperatures

b. is limited by high pH

c. is limited by the availability of one or more nutrients

d. is unlimited because bacteria are metabolically versatile

39.What is the name of the process in which cells take up nutrients from the environment and convert them into new cell constituents and waste products?

a. cell signaling

b. metabolism

c. evolution

d. differentiatio

Explanation / Answer

27. A molecule that undergoes reduction

a. becomes phosphorylated

b. loses a hydrogen atom

c. gains one or more electrons

d. loses one or more electrons

Answer: d loses one or more electrons

28. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration:

a. are similar in so far as the electrons obtained from the oxidation of substrates are used to reduce an inorganic terminal electron acceptor

b. are similar in so far as the electrons obtained from the oxidation of substrates are used to reduce an organic terminal electron acceptor

c. are similar in so far as the electrons obtained from the oxidation of substrates enter into membrane-bound electron transport chains that cause a H+ gradient to be formed

d. answers (a) and (b) are both correct

e. answers (a) and (c) are both correct

Answer: e answers (a) and (c) are both correct

39.What is the name of the process in which cells take up nutrients from the environment and convert them into new cell constituents and waste products?

a. cell signaling

b. metabolism

c. evolution

d. differentiatio

Answer: b Metabolism

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