1. A young girl has MELAS syndrome (Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic-acid

Question

1.

A young girl has MELAS syndrome (Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic-acidosis, and stroke-like episodes). This syndrome is due to a mutation in the gene encoding complex I of the electron transport chain. The young girl has extreme muscle weakness. Given the nature of the mutation in this inherited disorder, explain why the young girl has muscle weakness (3-4 sentences).

2.

Which of the following is/are true of glycogenesis?

Select one or more:

a. It occurs when there is a high concentration of ATP in the cell.

b. It occurs when there is a low concentration of ATP in the cell.

c. It is the breakdown of glycogen to glucose monomers.

d. It is the synthesis of glucose from lipids and proteins.

3.

What is the maximum yield of ATP for the oxidation of one glucose molecule in a heart cell under aerobic conditions?

4.

Which of the following pathways has one or more decarboxylation steps?

Select one or MORE:

a. Alcohol fermentation

b. Electron transport chain

c. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)

d. Citric acid cycle (Krebs)

e. Lactic acid fermentation

f. Glycolysis

5.

The purpose of lactic acid fermentation is to:

Select one:

a. oxidize NADH to regenerate the coenzyme

b. to reduce FAD

c. to convert pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A in preparatin for the reactions of the citric acid cycle

d. reduce NAD+ to allow for ATP production

Explanation / Answer

Ans1-Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is one of the family of mitochondrial cytopathies, which also include MERRF, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. This syndrome cause the muscle myopathy thats why she face the problem of muscle weakness due to damage of muscle conduction..

The MELAS is caused by mutations in the genes in mitochondrial DNA..

Ans-2 occurs when there is low concentrations of ATP in cell.

It is process of breakdown of glycogen into Glucose monomer

Ans3- 30-32 ATP molecule will generate on oxidation of one molecule of glucose

Ans4-

Citric acid cycle.

Glycolysis.

Lactic acid fermentation.

Electron transport chain

Ans 5-(c) to convert pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A in preparation for the reaction of Citric acid cycle.

Hope u understand the answer.

Thank-you

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