The lower leg is the part of your leg between your knee joint and your ankle joi
ID: 2116045 • Letter: T
Question
The lower leg is the part of your leg between your knee joint and your ankle joint. The quadriceps muscles contract to move your lower leg about your knee joint. These muscles are attached to the lower leg by the patellar tendon, and the attachment site is between the knee joint and the ankle joint (see image). When the quadriceps contract the entire lower leg moves about the knee joint, including the ankle joint and the attachment of the patellar tendon. Which one of the following statements accurately describes the angular and linear movement of these parts of the lower leg?
1.
The patellar tendon attachment moves the least linearly, the ankle joint moves the most linearly, both the patellar tendon attachment and the ankle joint move the same amount angularly.
2.
The patellar tendon attachment moves the most linearly, the ankle joint moves the least linearly, both the patellar tendon attachment and the ankle joint move the same amount angularly.
3.
The patellar tendon attachment and the ankle joint move the same amount linearly, the patellar tendon attachment moves the most angularly, and the ankle joint moves the least angularly.
4.
The patellar tendon attachment moves the least linearly, the ankle joint moves the most linearly, the patellar tendon attachment moves the least angularly, and the ankle joint moves the most angularly.
10 points
Question 3
1.
MULTIPLE CHOICE - CHOOSE THE ONE BEST ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION
The patella tendon attaches to the tibia approximately 2 inches below the knee joint center, and the distance from the knee joint center to the ankle is approximately 12 inches. To move the ankle through a linear distance of 18 inches, how much movement must there be in the patella tendon?
Answer
1.
The patella tendon must move 1.5 inches
2.
The patella tendon must move 2 inches
3.
The patella tendon must move 6 inches
4.
The patella tendon must move 3 inches
10 points
Question 4
1.
MULTIPLE CHOICE - CHOOSE THE ONE BEST ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION
As a 400 meter sprinter runs around the curve section of a 400 meter track on the inside lane, what changes to their body position does the sprinter have to make and why?
Answer
1.
The sprinter would not need to make any changes and could run normally.
2.
The sprinter would need to lean inwards towards the center of the track to counteract the centripetal acceleration that pushes them outwards.
3.
The sprinter would need to lean outwards away from the center of the track to counteract the centripetal acceleration that acts inwards.
4.
The sprinter would need to lean inwards towards the center of the track to counteract the centrifugal effect that pushes them outwards.
10 points
Question 5
1.
NUMERIC - ENTER ONLY THE NUMBER AS THE ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION (DO NOT ENTER ANY WORDS OR SYMBOLS)
When passing a soccer ball, a player rotates their lower leg from 70 degrees of knee flexion to 170 degrees of knee flexion in half a second. In degrees per second, what is the angular velocity of this movement?
Answer
10 points
Question 6
1.
MULTIPLE CHOICE - CHOOSE THE ONE BEST ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION
The linear velocity of the sweet spot of a baseball bat is related to the angular velocity of the swing and the distance from the centerline of the batter's shoulders to the sweet spot of the bat. If a batter wanted to increase the linear velocity of the sweet spot of the bat by 10%, which of the following statements correctly describes a step he could take to achieve that 10% increase?
Answer
1.
The batter would need to increase the angular velocity of his swing by 10%, and increase the distance from the centerline of his shoulders to the sweet spot of the bat by 10%. Both increases together are needed to increase the linear velocity of the sweet spot of the bat by 10%.
2.
The batter would need to increase the angular velocity of his swing by 10% only. The distance from the centerline of his shoulders to the sweet spot of the bat has no effect on the linear velocity of the sweet spot of the bat.
3.
The batter would need to increase the angular velocity of his swing by about 22%. The distance from the centerline of his shoulders to the sweet spot of the bat has no effect on the linear velocity of the sweet spot of the bat.
4.
The batter could increase the angular velocity of his swing by 10%, or increase the distance from the centerline of his shoulders to the sweet spot of the bat by 10%. Either increase alone would result in a 10% increase in the linear velocity of the sweet spot of the bat.
10 points
Question 7
1.
MULTIPLE CHOICE - CHOOSE THE ONE BEST ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION
What is the major disadvantage of measuring joint angles as the simple 2-D angle between the longitudinal axes of two limb segments (for example measuring the knee angle as the angle between between the longitudinal axis of the thigh and the lower leg without considering the plane of motion)?
Answer
1.
They cannot be calculated without very sophisticated three-dimensional motion analysis software
2.
They are relatively simple to calculate
3.
They do not allow you to discriminate between different joint motions, so do not provide very specific information
4.
They are inaccurate
10 points
10 points
Question 9
1.
MULTIPLE CHOICE - CHOOSE THE ONE BEST ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION
An orthopaedic surgeon is evaluating a patient's shoulder flexion in preparation to treat them. The surgeon is able to rotate the patient's shoulder from 18 degrees of flexion to 103 degrees of flexion. What is the angular displacement of this shoulder manipulation?
Answer
1.
The angular displacement is 103 degrees
2.
The angular displacement is 121 degrees
3.
The angular displacement is 18 degrees
4.
The angular displacement is 85 degrees
10 points
Question 10
1.
10 points
Question 11
1.
MULTIPLE CHOICE - CHOOSE THE ONE BEST ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION
Something is rotating and starts to spin around faster and faster, as what is the specific acceleration associated with this concept of increased rotation speed known?
Answer
1.
Tangential acceleration
2.
Angular velocity
3.
Centripetal acceleration
4.
Angular acceleration
10 points
Question 12
1.
MULTIPLE CHOICE - CHOOSE THE ONE BEST ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION
If a wheel is rotating at a constant velocity (i.e. it goes round and round at the same speed for every revolution), which of the following descriptions of the angular acceleration of the wheel is correct?
Answer
1.
The tangential acceleration is constant and greater than zero, and the centripetal acceleration is zero.
2.
The tangential acceleration is zero, and the centripetal acceleration is zero.
3.
The tangential acceleration is zero, and the centripetal acceleration is constant and greater than zero.
4.
The tangential acceleration is constant and greater than zero, and the centripetal acceleration is constant and greater than zero.
10 points
Question 13
1.
MULTIPLE CHOICE - CHOOSE THE ONE BEST ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION
Runner's ankle alignment (pronation or supination) is commonly checked in running shoe stores to find the best type of shoe for each individual. The pronation/supination motion is checked with a view from behind, such as in the picture below. If pronation motion as viewed from behind is a clockwise rotation, what is the anatomical axis this rotation happens about, and what is the positive direction according to the right hand rule?
Answer
1.
The anatomical axis is medial-lateral (midline of body-outside of body), and the positive direction is lateral (outside of body)
2.
The anatomical axis is anterior-posterior (front-back), and the positive direction is posterior (back)
3.
The anatomical axis is medial-lateral (midline of body-outside of body), and the positive direction is medial (midline)
4.
The anatomical axis is anterior-posterior (front-back), and the positive direction is anterior (front)
10 points
10 points
Question 15
1.
MULTIPLE CHOICE - CHOOSE THE ONE BEST ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION
During a golf swing the entire club moves through the same angle, so each part of the club has a constant angular velocity. Which one of the following statements describes which part of a golf club has the greatest linear velocity and gives the correct explanation for why?
Answer
1.
The shaft of the club has the greatest linear velocity because it is closest to the center of rotation of the swing.
2.
The head of the club has the greatest linear velocity because it is furthest away from the center of rotation of the swing.
3.
The handle of the club has the greatest linear velocity because it is furthest away from the center of rotation of the swing.
4.
The head of the club has the greatest linear velocity because it is closest to the center of rotation of the swing.
1.
The patellar tendon attachment moves the least linearly, the ankle joint moves the most linearly, both the patellar tendon attachment and the ankle joint move the same amount angularly.
2.
The patellar tendon attachment moves the most linearly, the ankle joint moves the least linearly, both the patellar tendon attachment and the ankle joint move the same amount angularly.
3.
The patellar tendon attachment and the ankle joint move the same amount linearly, the patellar tendon attachment moves the most angularly, and the ankle joint moves the least angularly.
4.
The patellar tendon attachment moves the least linearly, the ankle joint moves the most linearly, the patellar tendon attachment moves the least angularly, and the ankle joint moves the most angularly.
Explanation / Answer
Question1)
The patellar tendon attachment moves the least linearly, the ankle joint moves the most linearly, both the patellar tendon attachment and the ankle joint move the same amount angularly.
Question 2)
The patella tendon must move 3 inches
Question4)
The sprinter would need to lean inwards towards the center of the track to counteract the centrifugal effect that pushes them outwards.
Question 5) 170 - 70 = 100 degrees, which converts t0 1.745 rad
1.745/.5 = 3.49 rad/s
Question 6)
4.
The batter could increase the angular velocity of his swing by 10%, or increase the distance from the centerline of his shoulders to the sweet spot of the bat by 10%. Either increase alone would result in a 10% increase in the linear velocity of the sweet spot of the bat.
Question 7)
4.
They are inaccurate
Question 9)
4.
The angular displacement is 85 degrees
Question 11)
4.
Angular acceleration
Question 12)
3.
The tangential acceleration is zero, and the centripetal acceleration is constant and greater than zero.
Question 13) Picture can not be viewed, answer can not be provided
Question 15)
The head of the club has the greatest linear velocity because it is furthest away from the center of rotation of the swing.
Question1)
The patellar tendon attachment moves the least linearly, the ankle joint moves the most linearly, both the patellar tendon attachment and the ankle joint move the same amount angularly.
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