With respect to the wild-type sequence below, identify the mutation in each alte

Question

With respect to the wild-type sequence below, identify the mutation in each altered sequence as one of the following types: missense mutation, nonsense mutation, frameshift mutation, reverse mutation, intragenic suppressor mutation, or intergenic suppressor mutation. For each altered sequence, more than one answer is possible. This DNA sequence encodes the last amino acids of a protein that is 270 amino acids long. The first three bolded base pairs indicate the frame and include the coding region. Inserted nucleotides are italicized. Wild type:
5...GCTAAGTATTGCTCAAGATTAGGATGATAAATAACTGG3
3...CGATTCATAACGAGTTCTAATCCTACTATTTATTGACC5

Altered sequence 1:
5...GCTAAGTATTGCTCAACCGATTAGGATGATAAATAACTGG3
3...CGATTCATAACGAGTTGGCTAATCCTACTATTTATTGACC5

Check all that apply.

missense mutation

intergenic suppressor mutation

reverse mutation

intragenic suppressor mutation

nonsense mutation

frameshift mutation

Altered sequence 2--changing altered sequence 1:
5...GCTAAGTATTGCTCACCGATTAGGATGATAAATAACTGG3
3...CGATTCATAACGAGTGGCTAATCCTACTATTTATTGACC5

Check all that apply.

intergenic suppressor mutation

missense mutation

intragenic suppressor mutation

frameshift mutation

nonsense mutation

reverse mutation

Altered sequence 3--changing altered sequence 1:
5...GCTAAGTATTGCTCCCGATTAGGATGATAAATAACTGG3
3...CGATTCATAACGAGGGCTAATCCTACTATTTATTGACC5

Check all that apply.

frameshift mutation

missense mutation

intergenic suppressor mutation

reverse mutation

nonsense mutation

intragenic suppressor mutation

missense mutation

intergenic suppressor mutation

reverse mutation

intragenic suppressor mutation

nonsense mutation

frameshift mutation

Explanation / Answer

i. Purine to Purine = Transition

ii. Purine to Pyramidine or vice versa = Transversion

Substitution mutations:

i. Silent mutation = Change in base sequence does not alter amino acid sequence

ii. Synonymous mutation = Change in base sequence replaces one amino acid with a similar amino acid (Ex: Leu is replaced with Ile)

iii. Synonymous mutation = Change in base sequence replaces one amino acid with a non-similar amino acid (Ex: Leu is replaced with Lys)

iv. Non-sense mutation: Change in base sequence results in the conversion of an amino acid encoding codon to a stop codon.

In-del mutations: Insertion or deletion of one or more bases.

Missense mutation: Change in base sequence changes amino acid sequence.

Frameshift mutation: In-del mutation causes a shift in the reading frame of the mRNA. It is applicabel only to coding RNAs.

>WT

GCTAAGTATTGCTCAAGATTAGGATGATAAATAACTGG

>01

GCTAAGTATTGCTCAACCGATTAGGATGATAAATAACTGG

>02

GCTAAGTATTGCTCACCGATTAGGATGATAAATAACTGG

>03

GCTAAGTATTGCTCCCGATTAGGATGATAAATAACTGG

Alignment

WT: GCTAAGTATTGCT--CAAGATTAGGATGATAAATAACTGG: Protein sequence: AKYCSRLG..IT

03: GCTAAGTATTGCT--CCCGATTAGGATGATAAATAACTGG: Protein sequence: AKYCSRLG..IT

01: GCTAAGTATTGCTCAACCGATTAGGATGATAAATAACTGG: Protein sequence: AKYCSTD.DDK.L

02: GCTAAGTATTGCT-CACCGATTAGGATGATAAATAACTGG: Protein sequence: AKYCSPIRMINNW

************* **********************

Mutation 1 is a missense mutation and frame-shift mutation.

Mutation 2 is a missense mutation.

Mutation 3 does not cause any change in amino acid sequence.

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