i would like in depth explanation based on the table provided which would suffic
ID: 210896 • Letter: I
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i would like in depth explanation based on the table provided which would suffice the 16 marks
1364Jab-xYp 8, Goodness of fP 9. Environmenta xy Untitled docume ent/d/1qc7pLs4AlruBBFWZmyKigWuSin1cZUzmBUkyqeVkGzg /edit # xe0 Quantitative ons Help All in New...12 10. Mendel test-crossed pea plants grown from yellow round seeds to plants grown from green, wrinkled seeds and obtained the following results: 42 yellow round, 53 green round 44 yellow wrinkled and 49 green wrinkled. Are these results consistent with the hypothesis that seed colour and seed texture are controlled by independently assorting genes, each segregating two alleles? 16marks able 4.4 Chi Square Values Probabilties Degrees o 0.50 0.20 1612 3.219 0.99 006 0.446 1.005 1649 0455 1-386 2 366 3 357 4351 0.000 841 5991 7815 9.488 ILO7O 12 592 14067 15.507 16919 18 307 24996 0.103 0.352 0115 0.297 955 5.989 7.29) 8.558 1145 1635 2.167 2.733 3.325 3.940 7.261 0.851 14611 1.239 16i6 3070 3822 4594 734 11030 12.242 13442 9.311 25.038 30 675 36.250 2558 .229 6.179 9342 14339 19337 24337 29.336 15 1.524 14953 14.578 18940 23 36 31410 37,652 3 773 30Explanation / Answer
We now know that this independent assortment of genes occurs during meiosis in eukaryotes. Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in a parent cell by half to produce four reproductive cells called gametes. In humans, diploid cells contain 46 chromosomes, with 23 chromosomes inherited from the mother and a second similar set of 23 chromosomes inherited from the father. Pairs of similar chromosomes are called homologous chromosomes. During meiosis, the pairs of homologous chromosome are divided in half to form haploid cells, and this separation, or assortment, of homologous chromosomes is random. This means that all of the maternal chromosomes will not be separated into one cell, while the all paternal chromosomes are separated into another. Instead, after meiosis occurs, each haploid cell contains a mixture of genes from the organism's mother and father.
Another feature of of independent assortment is recombination. Recombination occurs during meiosis and is a process that breaks and recombines pieces of DNA to produce new combinations of genes. Recombination scrambles pieces of maternal and paternal genes, which ensures that genes assort independently from one another. It is important to note that there is an exception to the law of independent assortment for genes that are located very close to one another on the same chromosome because of genetic linkage.
Mendel formulated this principle after performing dihybrid crosses between plants in which two traits, such as seed color and pod color, differed from one another.
After these plants were allowed to self-pollinate, he noticed that the same ratio of 9:3:3:1 appeared among the offspring. Mendel concluded that traits are transmitted to offspring independently.
The image shows a true-breeding plant with the dominant traits of green pod color (GG) and yellow seed color (YY) being cross-pollinated with a true-breeding plant with yellow pod color (gg) and green seeds (yy). The resulting offspring are all heterozygous for green pod color and yellow seeds (GgYy). If the offspring are allowed to self pollinate, a 9:3:3:1 ratio will be seen in the next generation. About nine plants will have green pods and yellow seeds, three will have green pods and green seeds, three will have yellow pods and yellow seeds and one will have a yellow pod and green seeds.
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