The ground state energy of the hydrogen atom is E 0 = -13.6 eV and it is doubly
ID: 2108533 • Letter: T
Question
The ground state energy of the hydrogen atom is E0 = -13.6 eV and it is doubly
degenerate. The first excited energy level is E1 = -3.4 eV and that level is 8-fold
degenerate. In a gas of hydrogen atoms, at what temperature are these two energy levels
equally populated?
(a) Starting with the thermodynamic identity (dU = TdS – etc.) and the definition of
the Gibb’s free energy, derive the thermodynamic identity for the Gibb’s free energy (dG
= ...) and use this to show what derivative relates entropy S to Gibb’s free energy G.
(b) Make a qualitative sketch of G vs. temperature T for water in the neighborhood of the
boiling point (liquid to gas transition) at constant pressure p = 1 atm.
(c) Use the following data to estimate the temperature of the boiling point of water at
At T = 298 K, p = 1 atm
Gliq= -238 kJ, Ggas= -229 kJ, Sliq= 70 J/K, Sgas=189 J/K,
If your estimate does not agree with what you expect, explain why.
Explanation / Answer
The answer for the part one is 3. For the second part I don't know what is converted to energy but if it's their mass than use the equation E=M*c^2, here c is the speed of light and M is the mass. An alpha particle is nothing other than an doubly ionized helium atom hence it's charge is 2. The third part has the answer as weak nuclear forces which is not given in the option, these forces are attractive in nature and work at very small distances between any of the particles like proton-proton, proton-neutron,neutron-neutron. Sorry i don't know the answer to the part 5.
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