1. A person spearfishing from a boat sees a fish located 3 m from the boat at an
ID: 2101047 • Letter: 1
Question
1. A person spearfishing from a boat sees a fish located 3 m from the boat at an apparent depth of 1 m. To spear the fish, the person should aim
(a) at the image of the fish.
(b) above the image of the fish.
(c) below the image of the fish.
2. When the Sun is setting with its bottom edge just touching the horizon,
(a) the Sun is actually where it appears to be.
(b) the Sun is just below the horizon.
(c) the Sun is about one diameter above the horizon.
(d) the Sun is 2.9 above the horizon.
3. This question and question 2 are related: If atmospheric refraction did not occur, how would the apparent time of sunrise and sunset be changed?
(a) Both would be later.
(b) Both would be earlier.
(c) Sunrise would be later and sunset earlier.
(d) Sunrise would be earlier and sunset later.
4. Does your bathroom mirror show you older or younger than your actual age? Explain
5. Explain how a mirage happens.
Explanation / Answer
1. (c). This is because, due to refraction, the image of the fish will appear to be above the actual fish. So, to target the actual fish, we need to aim below the image. 2. (b). The sun is actually below the horizon. This is because the sun's light is bent by the earth's atmosphere till it reaches to us, making the sun appear above the actual position during sunset as well as sunrise. 3. (c). As the sun's rays are bent by the earth's atmosphere till they reach to our eyes. the sun appears to be above its actual position in both sunrise as well as sunset. Hence, if the refraction doesn't happen, sunrise will ocuure a bit later and sunset a bit earlier. The following image will help. http://www.wxbeacon.com/vws/equinox.php 4. The bathroom mirror shows you older than your actual age beacuse light also takes some time (very insignificant though) to reach your eyes after reflection and incidence. 5. A mirage is a naturally occurring optical phenomenon in which light rays are bent to produce a displaced image of distant objects or the sky. Convection causes the temperature of the air to vary, and the variation between the hot air at the surface of the road and the denser cool air above it creates a gradient in the refractive index of the air. This produces a blurred shimmering effect which affects the ability to resolve objects. Light from the sky at a shallow angle to the road is refracted by the index gradient, making it appear as if the sky is reflected by the road's surface. The mind interprets this as a pool of water on the road, since water also reflects the sky. The illusion fades as one gets closer.
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