Enzyme Kinetics Simulation Experiment Adapted from Junker, M. J. Chem. Educ. 201
ID: 209139 • Letter: E
Question
Enzyme Kinetics Simulation Experiment
Adapted from Junker, M. J. Chem. Educ. 2010, 87, 294-295.
Objective:
To simulate the working of enzymes in the catalysis of biochemical reactions.
Materials:
Bolts (15) and nuts to match, purchased at a hardware store or found in your basement. If you don’t have any nuts and bolts, use anything made of two parts that can be taken apart. For example, red and blue paper clips, large and small paper clips, baby food jars and lids. Use your imagination. In addition, you will need something to glue the two pieces together. You will also need a device to time yourself, a watch with a second hand or a stop watch.
Background Information and Theory:
Read pp. 655-672 in Seager and Slabaugh. Most of the metabolic reactions in Chapters 23 and 24 are catalyzed by enzymes. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy for biochemical reactions. The first step is for the substrate (S), the reactant to react with the enzyme (E) to form the Enzyme-Substrate Complex (ES):
E + S ES. The second step is for the enzyme to convert the substrate into the product(s). In this case there will be two products, P1 and P2: ES P1 + P2. In this simulation the substrate will be the nut and bolt screwed together. You will be the enzyme. As the enzyme, it will be your job to find the substrate and unscrew the nut from the bolt. The nut will be P1 and the bolt will be P2. The simulation will simulate the case where the substrate concentration is less than saturation. (Figure 20.6, p. 663), below maximum velocity). It will also simulate saturating the substrate concentration. (Figure 20.6, p. 663, at maximum velocity). Competitive Inhibition, (p. 668) and non-competitive inhibition (p. 669) will be simulated as well.
Procedure:
Enzyme Kinetics When Substrate Concentration is Less Than Saturation
Screw the 15 nuts on to the 15 bolts. Scatter the bolts randomly around the room you are in. Start the timer and gather and unscrew as many nuts as possible in 30 seconds. Record the number of bolts unscrewed on the table/report sheet in Doc Sharing. (I have also placed the table following the write-up on the main page, here. Divide the number of bolts unscrewed by the time (0.5 minutes) to get the rate of the reaction.
Enzyme Kinetics When Substrate is at Saturation
Reattach the 15 nuts to the bolts. Put all the nut/bolt combinations in front of you on the table. Start the timer and unscrew as many nuts as possible in 30 seconds. Record the number of bolts unscrewed on the report sheet. Divide the number of bolts unscrewed by the time (0.5 minutes) to get the reaction rate.
Enzyme Kinetics With Competitive Inhibition
Reattach the nuts to the bolts. Glue 10 of the nuts to the bolts, so they can’t be removed. Place the nut/bolt combinations in a pile. Unscrew as many of the nuts as possible in 30 seconds. Count the number of unscrewed nuts. Don’t try to muscle the glued ones. They can’t be removed. Count the number of nuts unscrewed. Record this number in the table. Also record the reaction rate by dividing by the time (0.5 minutes)
Enzyme Kinetics With Non-Competitive Inhibition
Reattach the nuts to the bolts. Place the nut/bolt combinations in front of you on the table. Have someone tie your hands behind your back, or mentally tie your hands behind your back. Start the timer and see how many nuts you can remove from the bolts. Record the numbers of nuts removed, and divide by time (0.5 minutes) to get the reaction rate.
Fill out table below.
Condition
Number of Bolts Unscrewed
Time (minutes)
Reaction rate (bolts per minute)
Comment
Scattered bolts
Non-saturated substrate
Pile of Bolts
Saturated Substrate
Some Bolts Glued
Competitive Inhibiter
Arms tied
Non-Competitive Inhibitor
Answer these questions:
How well do you think this simulation represents enzyme kinetics? Did it help you understand kinetics better? Can you think of anything that could be added to improve the simulation?
Condition
Number of Bolts Unscrewed
Time (minutes)
Reaction rate (bolts per minute)
Comment
Scattered bolts
Non-saturated substrate
Pile of Bolts
Saturated Substrate
Some Bolts Glued
Competitive Inhibiter
Arms tied
Non-Competitive Inhibitor
Explanation / Answer
This process very well simulate the enzyme substrate reaction.It is a kind of lock and key model.enzymes are catalyst which alter the rate of reaction. The rate of enzyme reaction depends on concentration of substrate.Here the substrate is nut with bolt and products are nuts and bolts seperated.When the concentration of substrate is less then it become scattered in the solution and the enzyme rate of reaction slows down.In this case when nuts with bolts are scattered in the room our hands will take more time to unscrew them.
Then when the substrate is saturated in the solution then whole of the enzyme gets attached to the substrate faster and the rate of reaction is maximum.In this case when nuts with bolts are on table itself then the substrate is saturated at one place.Then the time required to unscrew the nuts will be less.
Compititive inhibitors bind to the active site of the enzyme in place of substrate and thus the substrate cannot bind to the enzyme.in this case the some bolts are glued so our hands cannot unscrew them.the rate of reaction slows down.
Uncompititiveinhibitor binds to other region on the enzyme apart from active site.the substrate can bind but products cannot formed. They can also alter rate of reaction.Here the enzyme is hand and it is tied so hands are unable to unscrew .
Simulation of compititive inhibition can be done in a better way.Instead of glueing them we can keep different substance which looks like nuts and bolts but they are not our substrate so different products can be formed which are not desired.This what happens in compititive inhibition.
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