i mean type here Solve the following problems at the end of Chapters 1 and 3: 1.
ID: 2085595 • Letter: I
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i mean type here
Solve the following problems at the end of Chapters 1 and 3: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.6 Answer any 5 out of 7 problems. The best 5 answers will be considered for grading if you answer all the 7 problems. 1.1 What are the advantages of a highly interconnected system? 1.2 What changes are taking place in the utility industry? 1.3 What are the different topics in power systems necessary for understanding its basic nature? 3.1 What are the sources of electric energy? 3.2 What are the environmental consequences of using electric energy? 3.3 Describe hydro power plants. 3.6 Describe coal-fired power plants.Explanation / Answer
1.1 A highly interconnected power system ensures high reliability of power supply to end consumers in a wide area of power system network. A highly interconnected network does a great job in optimizing the available resources of power generation in a particular region. For example in a large country like United states, due to varying topography of land various states may have varying capacities of generation and some parts may have surplus power generation than the demand requirement in the correspnding region while in some areas the demand would be higher but the generation in that region may not be sufficient. An interconnected network comes as a savior in such scenarios where in the surplus power can be utilized to fulfill the demand requirement.
Furthermore, the operation of available power plants can be optimized by transferring loads so that more efficient plants operate continuously while the less efficient plants arr utilised only during peak power requirements.
Interconnected power system also ensures reliability and continuity of power supply. For example if one power plant fails due to some reason the loads which were fed from this plant can be shifted to some other plant in a interconnected system wherever the surplus electricity os available. Considering these points, it can Be easily concluded that higher the interconnection, higher would be the overall efficiency of power supply.
1.2 The various topics in power system which one needs to understand are explained below.
1. Generation of power: This topic deals with various methods in which power is generated by various renewable and non renewable methods. Renewable method includes solar, wind amd hydro power generation. Non renewable methods include thermal nuclear and gas power plant.
2.Transmission of power: After power is generated at power plants which are generally located at remote locations far away from the load centre, this power is transmitted through long distance transmission lines over large distances. Transmission of power forms the most important aspect of power systems.
3.Power system distribution: after transmission of power is complete over long distancs and the power reaches the load centre after crossing various substations it reaches the distributing substations from where on distribution of power to its end consumers is done.
4.Power system protection : Apart from these three topics power system protection is another topic which is of great importance. The investment in building a power network is huge and because of various nature of faults occuring in an electrical systems the power system components face imminent danger of explosion and destruction due to major faults. Power system protection deals with protection of these equipments against short circuit and other types of faults.
3.1 The various sources of electric energy arr as follows:
a. Coal
b. Natural gas
c. Wind
d. Solar
e. Hydro power plant using water
f. Tidal waves
g. Nuclear power
h. Geothermal
i. Oil
3.2 Generating electric energy by means of non renewable energy leads to adverse effect on thr environment. Mainly production of power using coal as the main fuel forms the major part of electricity generatiom in the world. The exhaust from these coal power plants arr quite hazardous for the environment. These plants release greenhouse gases into the environment which has caused the most talked about greenhouse effect problem which leads to warming up of earth's atmosphere due to trapping of heat by greenhouse gases.
The exhausts from coal and gas fired power plants leads to pollution of atmosphere by release of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide which eventually results in acid rain.
Waste disposal problem of power plant is another main causes of polluting the environment. Specially wastes from nuclear power plant arr dangerous and hazardous dolid waste. These wastes are radioactive in nature and can emit radiation for upto thousands of years which can cause cancer and genetic mutations in humans and animals. Digging these wastes deep into the soil also effects the chemical composition of soil making it unfit for any kind of cultivation. Environmental agencies are coming up with much more stringent policies of waste disposal for these plants so that the effect to the environment can be minimised.
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