Write a Monte Carlo simulation using Matlab to evaluate the bit error rate (BER)

Question

Write a Monte Carlo simulation using Matlab to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) for a baseband binary unipolar PAM signal transmitted over an AWGN channel. The unipolar signal symbols are generated randomly and equally likely from ak = {0, A}, where A is 19. Use simulations to find the BER for signal to noise power ratios (S/N)R of 3, 10, and 18 dB. Us the optimum threshold level. The noise should be added according to the require (S/N)R. In addition, find the theoretical BER for each case. Comment on the results using the remark sign %

Explanation / Answer

What is Monte Carlo simulation?
Monte Carlo simulation is a computerized mathematical technique that allows people to account for risk in quantitative analysis and decision making. The technique is used by professionals in such widely disparate fields as finance, project management, energy, manufacturing, engineering, research and development, insurance, oil & gas, transportation, and the environment.

Monte Carlo simulation furnishes the decision-maker with a range of possible outcomes and the

How Monte Carlo simulation works
Monte Carlo simulation performs risk analysis by building models of possible results by substituting a range of values—a probability distribution—for any factor that has inherent uncertainty. It then calculates results over and over, each time using a different set of random values from the probability functions. Depending upon the number of uncertainties and the ranges specified for them, a Monte Carlo simulation could involve thousands or tens of thousands of recalculations before it is complete. Monte Carlo simulation produces distributions of possible outcome values.

By using probability distributions, variables can have different probabilities of different outcomes occurring. Probability distributions are a much more realistic way of describing uncertainty in variables of a risk analysis. Common probability distributions include:

they will occur for any choice of action.. It shows the extreme possibilities—the outcomes of going for broke and for the most conservative decision—along with all possible consequences for middle-of-the-road decisions

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