Which section of the closed-loop system performs the four control modes? In an O

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Which section of the closed-loop system performs the four control modes? In an On-Off heating system an error signal is produced when the measured temperature is __________ (above, below) the set point. List two factors that cause the controlled variable to deviate from the set point in an On-Off system. By ________ (increasing, decreasing) the On-Off differential gap, the cycle time is lengthened. Calculate the differential gap percentage if a full temperature control range is 80 degrees and the differential gap is 8 degrees. If the output of the controller changes by 6 percent when the signal applied to its input changes by 2 percent, the gain is _____________. If the full temperature range of a proportional control heating system is from 35 to 95 degrees, and its proportional band is 30 degrees, find the percent of the system's proportional band. The lagging effect of the controlled variable behind the error signal it called ___________. time delay hysteresis lag time all of the above T/F By narrowing the proportional band, a-closed-loop system may oscillate. A system that oscillates is referred to as being ___________. stable unstable Steady-state error is also referred to as __________. Offset is reduced by _________. increasing the gain of the system narrowing the proportional band either A or B T/F A setpoint change can also produce offset. The _________ mode is designed to eliminate offset. proportional integral derivative If the gain of a system is 4, the proportional band is ________. The longer time duration that a steady-state exists, the ________ the integral action becomes. less greater Another term for integral is ________. rate reset Proportional-integral control is used in which of the following applications:____________ Where load disturbance occurs frequently and setpoint changes are infrequent. Where load disturbances occur frequency and setpoint changes are frequent. Where load changes are slow where load changes are fast. The magnitude of the integral output is proportional to the ________. Applied input voltage length of time the error signal exists both a and b The term derivative means __________ of change. T/F A derivative controller produces an output that proportional to the amplitude of the error signal. The output of the derivative function _________ (adds to, subtracts from) the output of the proportional output when the error signal is getting larger. The output of the derivative function ____________ (adds to, subtracts from) the proportional output when the error signal is getting smaller As the rate of change of an error signal at the controller's output increases, the derivative signal _________. Increases decreases The derivative function gives the actuator a _________ action. boost braking both A and B T/F In a PID system, after the derivative function is complete and the proportional signal is ineffective, the integral function is performed. List which type of operational amplifier performs the following PID mode functions: Proportional: Integral: Derivative: A PID system that is properly tuned provides which of the following characteristics? _________ Quick response No Overshoot No offset All of the above The term duty cycle refers to the amount of time a signal is __________ compared to the period of one complete cycle. on off When the voltage applied to the __________ input is greater than the _________, the voltage level detector op amp produces a positive saturation voltage at its output. inverting noninverting A square wave that is 20 volts at its on-state and 0 volts at its off-state will produce an average DC voltage of _________ when its duty cycle is 75. 7.5 V 10 V 15 V

Explanation / Answer

2. Below the set point

4. Cycle length increases with increasing on-off differential gap

6. Gain = change in output/change in input = 6/2 = 3

8. All the above

10. Stable

12. Both A and B

14. Integral mode

16. Greater

18. C

20. Derivative means change of a quantity (dependent) with respect to another quantity (independent)

22.subtracts

24.derivative signal increases as it is directly proportional to the error signal

26. True

28. All the above

30. If the non inverting input voltage is greater than the inverting input voltage,high gain of the opamp causes the output to saturate to the highest output voltage it can output

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