Lead is a highly toxic element, with detrimental effects on nearly every organ s
ID: 2075509 • Letter: L
Question
Lead is a highly toxic element, with detrimental effects on nearly every organ system in the body.
a. Use the Galvanic series and Pourbaix diagram below to predict the corrosion susceptibility of lead if it were to be implanted in the body at pH levels of 5.0 and 7.4. Note that E vs. SHE = E vs. SCE + 0.242. Show your work for full credit.
b. Titanium is a non-toxic metal that forms a protective passivating layer in the body environment at all pH levels. If one were interested in using both lead and titanium in a two-piece implant that we only anticipate being exposed to pH=7.4, which of the following strategies would likely be safer? Explain why.
i. Making one piece of the implant out of pure titanium and the other out of pure lead.
ii. Making both pieces of the implant out of an alloy of titanium and lead.
1.0 r 0.5 H 0.0 0.5 1.0 Pb2 Pb(OH)4 Pb(c) t 25°C io 12 pHExplanation / Answer
b. option 2 is safer. making both pieces of the implant out of an alloy of titanium and lead. it is because pure lead is very harmful for human body. it is a toxic element whereas titanium is a non-toxic element.
even the alloy made up of titanium and lead will consists of 90-95 % of titanium and rest of lead. lead can affect liver,kidneys, bones and brain badly.
a. from the two graph it is clear that susceptibility of lead lies in between 0 to 0.75
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