Design a power system for a house using solar energy source (solar panels). a) I

Question

Design a power system for a house using solar energy source (solar panels).
a) Include a table listing all appliances and their characteristics (Power Rating, Surge Power, Power Factor,
number of operation hours per day and per week.
b) From the power ratings, estimate each appliance impedance (resistance and reactance).
c) For the the solar panels used:
i. Estimate capital cost
ii. Estimate operation and maintenance cost
iii. Estimate the energy cost ($/kWh).

Specifications of region:

Estimateing any land in the united states any area distance.

Explanation / Answer

Renewable energy is becoming most affordable source of energy all over the world.

Solar energy is one of the most power producing sources among all renewable energy sources.

A. Answer:

Surge Power Rating

(in Watts)

Approximately

5 star (250 Liters)

From all the above appliances let us assume the power consumption of entire home is around 3000 watts.

If they use it for 1 hour it is 3 units power consumption per hour.

Number of operations per day per week of each appliance varies with the usage.

For example Refrigerator is used 24 hours per day per week.

Telivision usage time may varies from person to person.

Lighting usage 10 Hours per day.

B. Answer:

Impedance of each appliance( reactance, Resistance from power rating):

Since Power= (Voltage)*(Voltage) / Impedance

1. Ceiling fan resistance= (V*V)/ P

= (110*110)/ (75) = 161.33 Ohms

2. Refrigerator Compressor resistance= (110*110)/(34.24)= 353.38 ohms.

3. CFL impedance= (110*110)/(15)= 806.6 ohms

4. Geyser resistance= (110*110)/1000= 12.1 Ohms.

C. For the solar panels used:

From the above table power usage in the home is 3000 watts, with the surge power the power demand is 3500 watts. Lets design the system for around 5 KVA(Assuming unity Power factor).

i. Estimated capital cost = In USA, $ 3.57 Per Watt ( i.e. $ 17, 850 for a 5 Kilowatt system)

It may vary from city to city.

ii. Estimated operation and maintenance cost = Since solar panels does not require much maintenance and operation so the operation and maintenance cost is not that much variable from capital cost except very few additional dollars.

iii. Estimated the energy cost ($ / KWh)

From our example 5 units per day usage will costs 5*($3.57)= $17.85/Kwh per day.

Specifications of region:

Recently Las Vegas announced it has achieved 100 % renewable energy with 100 MW solar plant located just outside the city. City's annual energy saving is around $ 5 million.

From a report:

Austin Average annual Kwh= 7,406

Bostan Average Annual Kwh= 6,606

Las vegas Average Annual Kwh= 9,784

New york Average Annual Kwh= 6,372

Seattle Average Annual Kwh= 5,447.

U.S. electricity as on 2015 march is around 3.7 million GWh per year, which requires 48,000 Square Kilometers of Solar sites.

1 GWh of electricity produced: 3.4 acres of total space which includes Solar panles, buildings to place inverter, battery and etcetra. (> 20 MW plant, ) (Area required is 4.1 acres for 1 to 20 MW plants)

Here i have tried to give the real data from various reports.

Hope this answer will help you.

Happy chegging.

S.No. Appliance Power Rating(in Watts)

Surge Power Rating

(in Watts)

Approximately

star Rating Power Factor 1. Ceiling fan 75 100 No star 0.7 to 0.95 2. Ceiling fan 35 50 5 star 0.8 to 0.95 3. Telivison 50 75 5 star -- 4. Refrigerator 34.24 50

5 star (250 Liters)

-- 5. Lighting 15 20 CFL 0.5 to 0.75 6. Air Conditioner 1500 1600 5 Star(1.5 Ton) -- 7. Geyser 1000 1200 5 star ( 20 Liter) Unity

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