Trevor, a 29-year-old male, is in reasonably good health. At his yearly physical

Question

Trevor, a 29-year-old male, is in reasonably good health. At his yearly physical, however, his physician recommends that he try to lose 10-15 pounds to stay within an acceptable weight for his age and height, and to avoid potential health issues in the future. Trevor tells his doctor that he already goes to the gym four to five times a week, and that he plays tennis on the weekends. His doctor is glad to hear this and suggests that he also start paying attention to what he's been eating and thinking about how he might improve his diet. She gives Trevor a pamphlet of nutritional guidelines, which has a large section on carbohydrate and sugar intake. Trevor reads this first, as his weekend tennis buddy has been encouraging him to try out a popular new low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet for several weeks.

1. As he reads about carbohydrates, Trevor is surprised to learn that _____.

2. Trevor thinks about trying out his friend's diet, but he is concerned after learning that inadequate levels of carbohydrates in the diet _____.

3. Trevor shares the information about inadequate carbohydrate intake with his friend, as well as the DRI recommended amounts. What is the minimum amount of digestible carbohydrate, as determined by the DRI committee, to adequately feed the brain and reduce ketosis?

4. Trevor's friend points out that carbohydrates have other problems associated with them. He notes that foods that are most likely to lead to extremely high blood sugar (glucose) levels include those that have a _____.

5. Trevor's friend has obviously read up on how the body uses glucose. He explains that when glucose levels are high, the pancreas releases _____; when glucose levels are low, the pancreas releases _____.

6. Trevor suggests that they commit to consuming good sources of carbohydrates rather than forego them altogether. Why are whole grains, unprocessed vegetables, and fresh fruits considered to be the best sources of carbohydrates?

7. Trevor and his friend go shopping at a farmer's market and stop at a booth with several loaves of freshly made whole-grain bread. Which health effects have been shown to be correlated with eating whole grains on a regular basis?

8. As Trevor plans out his menu for the next week, he considers the optimal percentages of each food group. According to government recommendations, what percentage of calories should be obtained from carbohydrates?

a. the brain and nerve tissues prefer carbohydrates as fuel b. red blood cells need both carbohydrates and fats to function c. gram for gram, carbohydrates are higher in calories than dietary fats d. even refined carbohydrates provide a rich nutrient source of energy e. converting carbohydrates into fat for storage is metabolically efficient

Explanation / Answer

1 a- brain and nerve tissue prefer carbohydrates as fuel

2 d- can lead to ketosis a potentially life threatening disease

3 b- 180gram per day for an average sized person

4 high glycemic index.

5d- insulin, glucagon

6 c- they're rich in fibers, phytochemicals, and generally low in saturated and trans fat

7e- reduce risk of obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and colon cancer

8 e- between 45% and 65%

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