//Biochemistry, Biology, and/or Chemistry. All blanks ( _____ ) have the same op
ID: 205203 • Letter: #
Question
//Biochemistry, Biology, and/or Chemistry.
All blanks ( _____ ) have the same options for answers: strator, F0, F1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10.
ATP synthase is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The (1) _____ subunit spans the membrane while the (2) _____ subunit is located in the matrix. The synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi occurs by a change-binding mechanism on the (3) _____ subunit. ATP synthesis is coupled to proton movement through the (4) _____ subunit of the synthase.
The movement of approximately (5) _____ protons is required to support the synthesis of 1 ATP molecule. Therefore the (6) _____ protons translocated by the transfer of electrons from NADH through the electron transport chain can provide energy to support the synthesis of no more than (7) _____ ATP molecules.
I have tried the following for each blank:
(1) F0
(2) F1
(3) F0, F1
(4) Strator, F0
(5) 3
(6) 2, 6
(7) 1, 2
I am pretty sure I have 1 and 2 correct but I am unsure about the rest of the answers. Any help and explanations are appreciated.
Thank you very much.
Explanation / Answer
ATP production occurs during cellular respiration in the mitochondria, during photosynthesis in the chloroplasts of plants, and in inner membrane of bacteria. ATP synthase is the enzyme that helps in the synthesis of ATP (energy molecule) using ADP and inorganic phosphate during the process of cellular respiration.
ATP synthase is located in the inner miotochondrial membrane. It has two parts. One part is embedded in the membrane of the mitochondria in eukaryotes, thylakoid membrane of chloroplast in plants or plasma membrane in prokaryotes is called FO.
This is a motor that is powered by H+ ions flowing across the membrane. The other part located within the mitochondria or stroma of the chloroplast or inside the bacterial or archaeal cell is called F1-ATPase.
The two protein units of ATP synthase erform different functions during ATP synthesis. The first unit (Fo) is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. The second subnit ( F1-ATPase) or F1 which is a soluble portion situated in the mitochondrial matrix. It perform functions similar to H+ motors and possesses a central stalk and rotor helps in the conversion of ADP and Pi into ATP.
In mitochondrial ATP synthesis, F1 is composed of subunits and , and , and . F1 subunits , and form the central stalk of complex V. Fo consists of a subunit c-ring.
The synthesis of ATP occurs in the F1 sector. This is because energy derived from proton gradient which travel from inner mitochondrial membrane, intermembrane space into the matrix and through Fo. The proton gradient establishes a proton-motive force. ATP synthesis is powered by the transmembrane electrochemical proton potential difference.
According to studies, two to four numbers of protons are transported through the enzyme for synthesis of each ATP molecule. The transfer of electrons through the respiratory chain leads to the pumping of protons from the matrix to the cytosolic side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Around 3 protons generated during transfer of electrons from NADH provide energy for the synthesis of more ATP molecules.
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