Answer and explain why the others are not correct 2) When macrophages in a tissu

Question

Answer and explain why the others are not correct

2) When macrophages in a tissue encounter bacteria, they release pro-inflammatory cytokines that induce an inflammatory response. These cytokines act on other immune cells to recruit them to the site of infection and to enhance their activities. In addition, these cytokines act on endothelial cells to ________________________

A. Increase their permeability, allowing fluid and proteins to leak into the tissue

B. Solidify the tight junctions to prevent the bacteria from entering the blood

C. Proliferate, allowing the blood vessel to enlarge

D. Up-regulate microbicidal mechanisms, so they can kill bacteria

E. Secrete anti-microbial peptides

Explanation / Answer

A. Increase their permeability, allowing fluid and proteins to leak into the tissue.

Because -

In its unique position at the interface between blood and tissues, vascular endothelium participates in critical homeostatic functions, including the regulation of transcapillary permeability, the maintenance of a non-thrombogenic surface, the modulation of vascular tone and reactivity, the control of proliferation of vascular hematopoietic cells, and the modulation of immune function. Recent studies have also shown that endothelial cells play active roles in all phases of immunologic and nonimmunologic inflammation, and that in these roles they serve not only as targets which undergo cell injury, but respond by exhibiting specific alterations in their normal constitutive properties, or by acquiring new functions.

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