What do we know about horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the evolution of early l
ID: 202626 • Letter: W
Question
What do we know about horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the evolution of early life? BACTERIA ARCHAEA EUKARYOTES Bacteria that gave rise to chloroplasts Bacteria that gave rise to mitochondria Common ancestral community of primitive cells a- HGT was probably a powerful force during early cell evolution, leading to complex cellular organisms. C b. HGT never played an important role in the evolution of either prokaryotes or eukaryotes CHGT played a small, insignificant role in the origin of complex cellular organisms. C d. HGT played a significant role in the evolution of contemporary prokaryotes, but not in the early stages of the evolution of life.Explanation / Answer
Answer: a) HGT was probably a powerful force during early cell evolution, leading to complex cellular organisms.
Explanation: HGT is the transfer of genetic material from one to another organism (unicellular/ multicellular) other than parents to offspring (vertical gene transfer). A very simple example is transfer of antibiotic resistance gene from one to other unrelated bacteria. Similarly as shown in the diagram bacteria has given rise to mitochondria and chloroplast of eukaryotic cell, known as symbiogenesis or endosymbiotic theory. As mitochondria and chloroplast shows a lot of similarity with prokaryotic cells, it was thought that various cell organelles originated from prokaryotic cells by endosymbiosis, when a eukaryotic cell engulfed a prokaryotic cell.
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