1. According to the second messenger hypothesis, the second messenger is the: a.
ID: 202513 • Letter: 1
Question
1. According to the second messenger hypothesis, the second messenger is the:
a. Receptor located on the cell membrane
b. Hormone carrying the signal to the target organ
c. Intracellular chemical messenger
d. Receptor located in the cell nucleus
e. All of the above
2. Which hormone has a receptor that is structurally similar to estrogen receptor?
a. Insulin
b. Epinephrine
c. FSH
d. Thyroid hormone
3. Which one of the following hormones does not have intracellular receptors?
a. Estrogens
b. Cortisol
c. Insulin
d. Epinephrine
e. T3
4. Gs proteins serve as transducers in the action of:
a. Testosterone
b. PRL
c. GH
d. TSH
e. None of the above
5. Which hormone would have an N-signal peptide as a portion of the original gene transcript?
a. GH
b. Cortisol
c. Epinephrine
d. T4 (thyroid hormone)
e. All of the above
6. Which hormone is not biologically effective if administered orally
a. thyroid hormone
b. an estrogen
c. growth hormone
d. cortisol
7. You learn that your “new” discovered hormone activates phospholipase C. Based on this, which one of the following changes is most likely to occur following hormone administration?
a. Intracellular DAG levels will increase
b. Cytosolic Ca concentrations will decrease
c. Ca association with calmodulin will decrease
d. Phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues will increase
e. None of the above
8. Factors known to increase ACTH secretion include all of the following except:
a. stress
b. ADH
c. Hyperglycemia
d. CRH
e. a and b
9. Which statement best describes the relationship between GH and IGF-I.
a. there is always a direct relationship between serum concentrations of GH and IGF-I
b. IGF-I mediates most, if not all, of the growth-promoting actions of GH
c. GH is protein anabolic, whereas IGF-I is not
d. GH is produced only in the pituitary, whereas IGF-I is produced only in the liver.
10. IGF-I acts to:
a. increase blood glucose
b. stimulate lipolysis
c. stimulate cellular division (hyperplasia)
d. inhibit cartilage growth
e. all of the above
Explanation / Answer
1) Intracellular chemical messenger - The intracellular signalling molecules that transmit the signals from extracellular signal through the membrane receptors are called the Second messengers. Hormones are extracellular, and nuclear receptors are those receptors that may receive the signal from the second messenger.
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