33) Which of the following is a difference between bacteria and archaea? A) They
ID: 202092 • Letter: 3
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33) Which of the following is a difference between bacteria and archaea? A) They have different chemicals in their cell membranes and cell walls B) Archaea are unicellular, and bacteria are colonial. C) Only bacteria have circular chromosomes D) Many archaea are extremophiles, but no bacteria are. 34) Many researchers now believe that the first self-replicating molecules were A) true proteins B) DNA C) phospholiplds D) viruses E) RNA 35) The first genetic material on Earth was probably A) DNA produced by reverse transcriptase from abiotically produced RNA B) oligopeptides located within protocells C) self-replicating RNA molecules D) DNA molecules whose information was transcribed to RNA and later translated in polypeptides 36) Which period had the greatest increase in the number of extant species? A) Cenozoi B) Permian C) Mesozoic D) Paleozoic 37) What is the role of heterocysts in a cyanobacterial filament? A) They carry out only nitrogen fixation B) They oxidize inorganic substances to obtain energy C) They store endospores. D) They carry out only photosynthesis. E) They carry out photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. 38) Which of the following characteristics are expected in the first animals to have colonized land? 1) They were probably herbivores (ate photosynthesizers). I1) Animals had four appendages. Il) Animals had the ability to resist dehydration. IV) Animals had lobe-finned fishes as ancestors. V) Invertebrates A) Ill only B) 1, II, IlI and IV C) IlI and v D) 1, Ill and V 39) Bacteria that tend to have abundant internal membranes. A) have flagella B) are photosyntheticC) are pathogenic D) are gram-negative 40) The early atmosphere on Earth is thought to have lacked which of the following gases? A) nitrogen B) oxygen C) methane D) carbon dioxide Page 5 of 7Explanation / Answer
.33. Answer is optian (A) They have different chemicals in their cell membrane and cell wall, becouse bacteria have peptidoglycan cell wall composed of disaccharides and amino acids gives bacteria structural support but archaeal cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan. Archea have different membrane lipid bonding compared to Bacteria. Archaeal lipids lack the fatty acids found in Bacteria and and instead have side chains composed of repeating units of isoprene.
34. Answer is optian (E) RNA, Like DNA, RNA can replicate & store genetic information; like protein enzymes Ribozymes can catalyze chemical reactions that are critical for life. One of the most critical components of the cell, the ribosome, is composed primarily of RNA.
35. Answer is optian (C) Self replicating RNA molecule, called ribozymes have been found to catalyze different functions like ribozymes can make complementary copies of short stretches of their own sequence or other short pieces of RNA.
36. Answer is optian (A) Coenozoic period with greatest increase in the no. of extant species.
37. Answer is optian (A) they carryout only nitrogen fixation.
38. Answer is optian (B) 1,2,3.4 .
39. Answer is option (D) Gram negative bacteria.
40. Answer is optian (B) Oxygen
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