dit View Go Tools Window Help BIOL325-pre-exam-2(1) (page 7 of 7)- e Q Search 17
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dit View Go Tools Window Help BIOL325-pre-exam-2(1) (page 7 of 7)- e Q Search 17, “Hardy-Weinberg, essay question There is a population with the following genotype frequencies: 3200 WW, 1600 Ww, and 200 ww. Is this distribution of genotype frequencies consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? If so, why? Show your calculations. 18. "Population size" essay question Discuss the effectiveness of genetic drift and natural selection in small vs. large populations. Please be sure to explain why each process is stronger/weaker depending on the population size.Explanation / Answer
Evolution on a small-scale or microevolution leads towards the changes in allele frequencies in a single population. these changes in Allele frequencies in a population can be due to change in four divisions of evolution: Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, Mutations and Gene Flow. new alleles in a gene pool are found by Mutations.Among these four evolutionary change mechanisms, Natural Selection and Genetic Drift are the most relevant. Natural selection usually dominates in large populations whereas genetic drift occurs in small ones.
Genetic Drift
it contains random variations in the frequency of a gene appearance, normally, in a small population.the genetic variability reduces as the genetic variants are disappeared. In contrast to natural selection, adaptive or environmental pressures do not constrain changes due to genetic drift. The effect of genetic drift is more in small populations. In Genetic drift, a random event happens by chance which influences allele frequency in a population which is majorly due to sampling error from generation to generation.sometimes some alleles can be lost within a generation due to genetic drift, even if they are beneficial traits for evolutionary and reproductive success.
two examples of genetic drift in small populations.are a bottleneck and founder effect.
Natural Selection
Natural Selection causes lead to an evolutionary change when some individuals with certain traits in a population have more survival and reproductive rate than other populations.these inheritable genetic features are passed on to their next generations. the populations have evolved to thrive in a specific environment due to the natural selection process. the Natural selection process operates by the differential reproductive fitness of individuals.
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