Elongation of DNA Replication ow does unwinding of the double helix at the repli
ID: 201271 • Letter: E
Question
Elongation of DNA Replication ow does unwinding of the double helix at the replication fork affect the topology, including positive and supercoiling, of the DNA molecule? What problems does this create for continuing replication? What specific enzyme resolves this problem? How are these problem resolved? What is the specific difficulty that linear eukaryotic chromosomes face at the end Termination of DNA Replication What problems does terminating replication create for circular DNA molecules? Telomeres and telomerase: of DNA replication? hat problems at the organismal level of biology does this molecular difficulty generate? How does telomerase generate telomeres? How do telomeres help provide a solution to this difficulty? Mutation and repair: What is a DNA mutation? What are the general types of mutations? Point mutations Transitions vs transversionsExplanation / Answer
Que: How does unwinding..............DNA molecule?
Ans: Unwinding of DNA helix cause supercoiling of strands. Two strands linked with hydrogen bonds, so they just cannot pulled apart and separated. For formation of new DNA, parental DNA must be unwound.
Que: What problem does............replication?
Ans: Supercoiled DNA could not be unwound by DNA helicase, so at that point replication fork may not continue to form, and there by replication may be paused.
Que: What specific.........problem?
Ans: Problem of supercoiling is resolved by DNA gyrase enzyme.
Que: What problems........molecules?
Ans: Terminating replication of circular DNA molecule results in two interlinked or catenated double stranded daughter molecule.
Que: How are these problem resolved?
Ans: Two DNA molecule unlinked or decatenated by type IA Topoisomerase and the other enzyme type II isomerase allows this separation.
Que: What is the specific...............replication?
Ans: After replication in eukaryotic linear DNA, 5' of daughter DNA is few nucleotide shorter than parent's 5' and thus results in overhanging 3' at opposite ends.
Que: What problems........generate?
Ans: This molecular difficulty will shorten the DNA per replication and hence will decrease the normal life span of organism.
Que: How does telomerase generates telomere?
Ans: The telomerase attaches to the end of chromosome and have a catalytic part and a built in RNA template, add complimentary RNA bases to the 3' of DNA strand.
Que: How do telomeres........difficulty?
Ans: The telomerase attaches to the end of chromosome and have a catalytic part and a built in RNA template, add complimentary RNA bases to the 3' of DNA strand. The ends of chromosome maintained by the action of this enzyme. Therefore, telomerase is essential for organism to maintain integrity of chromosome.
Que: What is DNA mutation?
Ans: DNA mutation is permanent alteration in DNA sequence and results in difference in the sequence which found in most of the normal organism.
Que: What are the general type of mutations?
Ans: There are several type of DNA mutations such as Deletion/duplication/insertion, point mutation, fame shift mutation, inversion and translocation.
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