Explain the shapes of the curves in the figure in terms of the major chemical or

Question

Explain the shapes of the curves in the figure in terms of the major chemical or physical factors that affect enzyme activity. Select all that apply For each enzyme in the figure, suggest the adaptive advantage of having the enzyme activity profile shown in the figure. Select all that apply. For each enzyme in the figure, suggest the adaptive advantage of having the enzyme activity profile shown in the figure. Select all that apply. Some enzymes have a very flat pH profile - that is, they have essentially the same activity over a broad pH range. How might you explain this observation? Select all that apply. Some enzymes have a very flat pH profile - that is, they have essentially the same activity over a broad pH range. How might you explain this observation? Select all that apply. Chapter 06-Enzymes: The Catalysts of Life Chapter 6, Question 4 14 of 17 The figure below ilustrates enzyme activities as functions of temperature and pH. In general, the activity of a specific enzyme is highest at the temperature and pH that are characteristic of the environment in which the enzyme normally functions Optimal temperature for Optimal temperature for a typical human enzyme a typical enzyme of 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature C) for trypsin pH optimum for pepsin pH FIGURE The Effect of Temperature and pH on the Reaction Rate of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions. Every enzyme has an optimum temperature and pH that usually reflect the environment where that enzyme is found in nature. Part A Explain the shapes of the curves in the figure in terms of the major chemical or physical factors that affect enzyme activity Select all that apply. O Each enzyme has a temperature optimum that is at or near the temperature of the organism Reaction velocity increases above the temperature which corresponds to the optimum of the enzyme Tis is consistent with the effect of temperature on chemical reactions in general The pH optimum for an enzyme corresponds to the proton are in the most favorable form for chemical reactivity at which lonizable groups on the enzyme and the substrate molecules As the temperature is raised above the optimum of the enzyme, it undergoes thermal denaturation The pH optimum for an enzyme corresponds to the proton concentration at which ionizable groups on the enzyme and the substrate molecules are the most ionized The reaction velocity increases steadily as the temperature is increased from a colder temperature to the temperature optimum of the enzyme, consistent with the effect of temperature on chemical reactions in general. Submit

Explanation / Answer

A) Options 1, 3, 4 and 6 are correct.

According to the temperature and pH graphs given in the question, we can see that enzymes favour the temperature which is near to the organism's body temperature. Also, the increase in reaction rate in till the optimum temperature is reached after which the reaction rate decreases due to thermal denaturation of enzyme. pH optimum of an enzyme conforms to the pH at which enzyme and substrate molecules are in most favourable form for chemical activity.

B) Options 3 and 4 are correct.

Enzymes are most effective at or near the pH and temperature of the environment in which they are found. This provides an adaptive advantage to the enzymes for maximum efficiency.

C) Option 4 is correct.

Active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are important for catalysis. Changes in pH can affect these residues and make it hard for substrates to bind. An enzyme with a flat pH profile is likely to have neither the substrate nor the products that can be ionized or protonated.

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