rhini (tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans). larger, more complex brains than ot

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rhini (tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans). larger, more complex brains than other mammals. e As a group, primates are very gen- Most primates are diurnal and live eralized, meaning they've retained in social groups. Critical Thinking Questions 1. How do you think continued ary relationships among differ- ent primate lineages? Pretend you are at the zoo and are observing a primate exhibit featuring monkeys. What traits could be used to determine whether the exhibit features a New World or Old World mon- key species? What factors threaten the exis- tence of nonhuman primates in the wild? What can you do to help save nonhuman primates from extinction? Why is this important for society? advances in genetic research will influence how we look at our 3. 4. species' relationships with non- human primates in 10 years? How does a classification scheme reflect biological and evolution- 2. ght 2017Copge Learing. All Ri es Reserved. May not beco ed, s anno, rdplica od, in whole or npa . Deso electronic rights, some thirdparty co tent maybes ppresod hom te ee kidor eChape ). iew has deemed that any suppressed content does mot materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Leaning reserves the right so remove additsional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require il

Explanation / Answer

1. Continued advances in genetic research and species relationship with nonhuman primates:

Any of various mammals of the order Primates, which consists of the lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, and apes including humans, and is characterized by nails on the hands and feet, a short snout, and a large brain.

Non-human primates are used in medical research because of their similarities to human beings. Results from research on non-human primates can often be applied to humans. Scientists have learned much about diseases, disorders, prevention and treatments for both humans and animals. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research provides a comprehensive and up-to-date details about targeting the causes, progression, prevention, and treatment of a wide variety of diseases and disorders.

2.

The individuals having characters best adapted to the surroundings are able to survive. Their characters, that is, the genes present in them, pass on to the further generations. Biological evolution is basically, change in living organisms over a long period of time. Evolutionary theory states that different types of living organisms originate from common ancestor due to modifications in successive generations.

All living organisms show variation in characters. Biological classification is arrangement of living organisms into groups based on similarities and differences observed among them. The smallest group or taxon is species which consists of individuals which can successfully reproduce with each other. It is observed that, generally, the organisms having close evolutionary relationship are placed together in a smaller taxon. As we go to higher taxon, the relatedness decreases. This is consistent with the evolutionary theory. Therefore classification helps to establish evolutionary relationship. The diversity of living organisms on earth is truly astounding. Humans have come up with ways of organizing, or classifying, biological diversity throughout human history. Organisms can be classified according to any number of criteria, including overall similarities, colors, ecological functions, etc. However, it is generally agreed that the most useful way for scientists to organize biological diversity is to group organisms according to shared evolutionary history. This way the grouping not only results in an organized classification, it also contains and conveys information about our understanding of the evolutionary history of these groups.

3. New World monkeys traits: Flat nosed, Nostrils are far apart and open to the side; Some species (howlers, spiders) have prehensile tails; Thumb orientation lies in line with other digits. Opposes the next digit in a scissorslike grip,  some species have fingernails on big toe.

Old World monkeys traits: Downfacing nose, Nostrils are closer together and open downward or forward; All have tails ­ but lack prehensility feature, Sitting pads around the tail region; Thumbs are rotated and more opposable, more like ours (Hanuman langurs, baboons), Fingernails and toenails are present on all digits.

4. Around the globe almost half of all primate species are threatened with extinction as a result of human activity. The main threats this group faces are habitat destruction, poaching, the illegal pet trade, and disease.

Efforts to save primates   

1. By educating people on the issues.

2. We can donate our money and time to support anti-logging initiatives in countries where deforestation is threatening primate habitats.

3. Support groups that are trying the end the bushmeat and primate pet trade.

4. By reducing the use of primates in biomedical tests.

Importance of Efforts to save primates from extinction:

Primates are also important as part of the natural heritage of many countries and form an important component of this planets biodiversity and the biodiversity of many individual countries. With an ever increasing focus on the importance of biodiversity both ecologically and economically, there is a great need to reverse the downward trend in species loss, especially for keystone species such as a the great apes whose loss has a significantly negative impact on both the ecology of their home ranges and the humans who rely upon their ecological functions. The very simple message everyone needs to understand is increased biodiversity equals increased benefits for humans in every area, from health to economy, with the reverse equalling great losses for humans.

The research potential for humans in unlocking our own evolutionary past through the study of primates is unparalleled and essential to our understanding of our own species.

Primates also play key roles in ecology as seed dispersers for many important tree/shrub species. Their ecological role is essential for the functioning of many key ecosystems which humans rely on both within and outside forested areas.

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