During your first census, you found that 58 of the 200 frogs were non-spotted an
ID: 199324 • Letter: D
Question
During your first census, you found that 58 of the 200 frogs were non-spotted and the remaining 142 frogs had spots.
a) Looking at this data, does it demonstrate evolution by non-random mating, evolution by founder effect, or evolution by bottleneck effect? Explain.
b) How does evolutionary process affect genotypic frequencies. Will it cause genotypic frequencies to meet Hardy-Weinberg expectations or to deviate from Hardy- Weinberg expectations?
c) Do your results suggest evolution is occurring? Explain.
d) Do your results suggest that this evolutionary process is playing a significant role in shaping your population?
Table 1. Expected and actual genotypic frequencies for blue poison dart frogs over duration of stud Frequency of S (based on first census, year 1) = Frequency of s (based on first census, year 1) - 0.47 0.53 Genotvpic Frequencies Expected frequency (based on first census, year 1 Actual frequency (census 2, year 3 Actual frequency (census 3, year 5 Actual frequency (census 4, year 7 Actual frequency (census 5, year 9 0.22 0.24 0.28 0.31 0.31 0.49 0.41 0.35 0.30 0.26 0.29 0.35 0.37 0.39 0.43Explanation / Answer
Ans
a) evolution is change in frequency of alles or genes over generations.This change in genotype frequency can be due to natural selection or by any other mechanism. The table above shows the change in genotype frequency of frog.According to the table the observed evolution can be due to nonrandom mating which is generally due to inbreeding which results in self reproduction.As we can see homozygous genotype frequency of SS and ss is increasing over time and heterozygous genotype frequency is decreasing over time so we can say that this is due to nonrandom mating.
b) Evolution can affect the allelic frequencies.Evolution can occur by any of the above mentioned mechanism.Naturaal selection can also cause evolution where survival of the fittest is seen.Also natural calamities can also cause some population to destroy.This can also be called genetic drift.Mating between close relatives or distant relatives can also cause change in genotype frequency.Colonisation also can result in specific genotypic population to grow than other. Hardy weinberg theory states that the genotype frequency remains same genration after generation but the above table shows deviation rom hardy weinberg ecpectation.
c) Yes evolution may be positive or negative , it has to occur. There is change in frequency so evolution is occuring.
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