70. Which aspects) of natural selection i we)lhustrated by the figpure below (21

Question

70. Which aspects) of natural selection i we)lhustrated by the figpure below (21.2b)7 Check al hat apply 10 8 8 9 10 Mean beak depth of parents (mm) A Variation must exist in the population. B Variation among individuals must be genetically transmissible to the next generation. C Variation among individuals leads to differences in lifetime reproductive success. More individuals are produced each generation than the environment can support, resulting in competition for survival D 71. Indicate which factors support the industrial melanism hypothesis. Check all that apply Pollution inhibits the growth of dark colored lichen. B Dark moths have greater camouflage on trees in polluted woodlands. Pollutants darken bark surfaces. Light moths have greater camouflage on trees in highly polluted woodlands. -D- 72. Choose the true statement(s) about the evolutionary divergence of horses in North America. Check all that A Most changes are seen as adaptations for life in grassland habitats. B The general trends during horse evolution are increase in body size, lengthening of limbs, reduction of digits on both sets of limbs, and tooth development for a grazing life style. Horse evolution is unusual in that rates of change were uniform and constant throughout most lineages. C D Living lineages of horses show much less diversity than existed in the past.

Explanation / Answer

70. A. variation must exist in nature

B. variation among individuals must be genetically transmissible to the next generation

Explanation: Variation leads to natural selection. When an extreme phenotype is favoured, the allele frequency shifts in the direction of the selected phenotype.

71. B. dark moths have greater camouflage on trees in polluted woodlands

C. Pollutants darken bark surfaces

Explanation: Due to industrial pollution, there was directional change in color of moths. The dark moths evolved as a result.

72. A. Most changes are seen as adaptations for life in grassland habitats.

B. The general trends during horse evolution are increase in body size, lengthening of limbs, reduction of digits on both sets of limbs and tooth development for a grazing lifestyle

D. living lineages of horses show much less diversity than existed in the past.

Explanation: In divergent evolution, separate species evolve from a common ancestor.

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