2. Discuss a model on how Na - K transporter may function. How is the proper fun

Question

2. Discuss a model on how Na - K transporter may function. How is the proper functioning of this pump tied to import of glucose into a cell? 3. Discuss the how oxygen and carbon dioxide is transported in a red blood cell. Discuss what happens regarding the fate of these gases in both the lungs and the tissues. (The ppt slides only describes transport of CO2, you will need to find the transport of oxygen part OUTSIDE of the textbook. Feel free to use any A&P; textbook, Wikipedia or any other online resources. You will only get maximum 7/10 for the content score if you only describe CO2 transport)

Explanation / Answer

Question 2:

NA and K pump:

Sodium and potassium ions play a major role in nerve cells.

Nerve impulse:

Resting phase:

During resting phase of the neurons, the K ions pass inside freely than the other ions. It is polarized state.

Action phase:

During active phase, depolarization occurs, which results in the change in the membrane permeability.

Na ions move inside the neurons and overall positive charge inside the neuron is high, which creates nerve impulse.

When enough NA ions have entered the neuron membrane permeability for Na is reduced and K ions move inside till the resting phase is achieved. Again it reaches its polarized state.

This process of polarization and depolarization continues to adjacent nerve cells and the nerve impulse thus travels from one neuron to another.

Transport of glucose:

Glucose cannot diffuse freely into the cell.

Na ions when moving inside the cell along with co transporter protein during active transport with use of ATP also brings the glucose molecule into the cell.

Question 3:

How oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported through red blood cells:

Hb + 4O2 <---------> Hb.4O2

Most of the carbon dioxide diffuses in to the red blood cells, in presence of enzyme carbonic anhydrase and water it forms carbonic acid.

H2O + CO2 <--------> H2CO3

This further dissociates into hydrogen ions and hydrogencarbonate ions.

H2CO3 <--------> H+ + HCO3-

HCO3- negatively charged hydrogencarbonate ions diffuse to plasma of the blood which causes chloride ions to move inside. This is called as chloride shift.

This dissociation of carbonic acid causes increae in acidity of the red blood cell, where H ions further react with oxyhaemoglobin to release oxygen and reduces the acidity of the blood.

Hb.4O2 + H+ <--------> HHb+ + 4O2

High carbon dioxide is formed by the respiring cells and it has to be removed, it is carried to the lungs where its concentration is low thus exchange with oxygen and carbon dioxide is released.

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