To detect the presence of antibiotic resistance, it is important to consider mec

Question

To detect the presence of antibiotic resistance, it is important to consider mechanisms of resistance and to look for resistance genes.Categorize the following examples of antibiotic resistance by their mechanism. You will need to think about the meaning of each term in order to work out which mechanism fits best.

Categories: Efflux, Reduced Permeability, Protection of Ribosomes, Modification of target enzyme/biochemical pathway, inactivation of antibiotic

Examples:

-R plasmid gene allow tetracycline to be pumped out of the cell

-Bacteria may have an enzyme that acetylates chloramphenicol

- Chromosomal genes allow erthromyic to be pumped out of the cell

- Some bacteria are able to restrict penicillin from entering the cell

- Staphlococcus aureus bacteria may produve DHPS enzyme that is not affect by sulfonamides

- B-lactamases break the B-lactam ring of penicillin

- Mechanisms exist to prevent tetracycline from binding to or interfering with function of ribosomes

Explanation / Answer

-R plasmid gene allow tetracycline to be pumped out of the cell - Efflux

-Bacteria may have an enzyme that acetylates chloramphenicol - inactivation of antibiotic

- Chromosomal genes allow erthromyic to be pumped out of the cell - Efflux

- Some bacteria are able to restrict penicillin from entering the cell - Modification of target enzyme/biochemical pathway

- Staphlococcus aureus bacteria may produve DHPS enzyme that is not affect by sulfonamides - Modification of target enzyme/biochemical pathway

- B-lactamases break the B-lactam ring of penicillin -  inactivation of antibiotic

- Mechanisms exist to prevent tetracycline from binding to or interfering with function of ribosomes - Protection of Ribosomes

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