NOVA LABS The Evolution Lab / MISSION 3 Where the tiny wild things are: Even wit
ID: 196194 • Letter: N
Question
NOVA LABS The Evolution Lab / MISSION 3 Where the tiny wild things are: Even with a microscope, most people can't tell the difference between an archaea and a bacterium. Crack open their DNA, however, and the differences become pretty obvious-and you don't even need a microscope, just a computer to crunch the data. We've kept things pretty simple in this level, though, so you'll only need your eyes and some brainpower. There is no outgroup on this level, so pay extra attention to the comparison data provided. Answer questions 11-14 below before you move on to the next mission, "Biogeography -Where Life Lives." position 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 A. vinosum D,radiodurans -G -GC M. acetivoransG P aerophillumG --cG S. solfataricus-G- T. thermophilusG G-C AG -CA- C --““-c
Explanation / Answer
13. It is not possible to know whether C at position 15 evolved before a T at C15 as the lineages different. Relative timing of changes can only be identified in a single lineage. We can predict if T at C15 originated before C 15, only if they belonged to Archean lineage.
14. Fossils have animals/plants that have been buried for thousands of years. In these fossils, it is always not possible to extract DNA. The DNA may have been destroyed in these species. In such cases, the fossils are classified on phenotypic characteristics/traits only.
5. Radiometric dating techniques calculates the age of rocks based on the decaying elements. The age of the fossil can be obtained from these techniques. The anatomic features of the fossil animals are compared to the present day living organism. A phylogenic tree can be constructed to identify relatedness. Even if the limbs look different, they will have a similar basic pattern. Similarly, their bones, teeth, muscles will have a similar pattern. Monkeys in South Africa and South America have similar features. Their biogeography can also be related. Evolution of species from a common ancestor can be identified. Flightless Kwi, emu and Kasaawari had a common ancestor. The comparison of biochemical characteristics can be compared. If proteins are preserved well, then the protein structure can be studied. Protein structure of related species is similar.
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