a.How can you explain the occurrence of birth defects (caused by altered genes)
ID: 19570 • Letter: A
Question
a.How can you explain the occurrence of birth defects (caused by altered genes) in children and grandchildren of WWII atomic bomb victims, when the victims themselves were only mildly affected?b. Before bringing a new drug to the marketplace, extensive testing is done on the drug by administering the drug to large numbers of individuals. Explain the importance of the scientific method, sample size, controls and variable in the drug evaluation process.
c.List the four “large molecules of life.” Identify their composition and structure, and describe one function they perform in the cell.
Explanation / Answer
a. Those victims had their genes affected but their sex cells affected. Since sex cells were affected the sex cells produced gametes that were mutated and were passed on to the next generation. The victims were only mildly affected because their somatic cells (non-sex cells were not as affected). Therefore once they passed on the damaged genes their offspring had birth defects b. It is extremely important. Drugs can affect many parts of the body and a well designed experiment is necessary. Sample size is important so we can understand how the drugs would affect many different kinds of people. So a big sample size is best. Controls and variables are important to distinguish what effects the drug are actually causing by noticing any difference between the people who took the drugs(variables) and the people who didn't (control). As always hypothesis and analyzing results is important to understand the effect of the drug. c. Carbohydrates - Composed of a sugar unit, usually in a cyclic structure. They serve as storage or structural support. Such as glycogen in animal storage. And starch in plant cell storage. Lipids - Composed of fatty acids. They provide structural support and cell signaling recognition. Lipids make up the cell membrane in eukaryotic cells. Proteins - COmposed of amino acids. Proteins are very important in the body and cell. They help reactions occur. They provide transport for cell solutes. They give support and regulate bodily functions. Nucleic acids - COmposed of nucleotides. DNA and RNA is composed of nucleic acids. DNA and RNA provide the genetic information for cells. Nucleic acids provide the information necessary for a cell to function properly.
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