Special Relativity 1. Basics: (a) Discuss the postulates of Einstein\'s theory o

Question

Special Relativity
1. Basics:
(a) Discuss the postulates of Einstein's theory of special relativity and describe how this
theory has changed our understanding of space and time
(b) Explain what is an inertial frame of reference, and give an example of a non-inertial frame
of reference.
(c) Explain what do we mean by proper time and proper length.
(d) Explain what is time dilation and length contraction, and why and how do they occur.
Hence, explain what do we mean by the entanglement of space and time.?
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2. Inertial frame S0 moves at a speed of 0:6c with respect to frame S. Further,
x = x0 = 0 at t = t0 = 0. Two events are recorded. In frame S, event 1 occurs at the origin at
t = 0, and event 2 occurs on the x-axis at x = 4:0 km at t = 6:0 s.
(a) According to observer S0, what is the time of event 1 and event 2?
(b) Do the two observers see the two events in the same sequence or the reverse sequence.
Show all of your calculations and explain your reasoning.

Explanation / Answer

Einstein's first postulate,called the principle of relativity,states:The laws of physics are the same ine every inertial frame of reference.If the laws differed,that difference could distinguish one inetial frame from the others or make one frame same how more correct than the other. Einsteins second postulate states:The speed of light in vacuum is the same in all inertial frames of refrence and is independent of the motion of the source.Suppose two observers measure the speed of light in vacuum.One is at rest with respect to the light source,and the other is moving away from it.Both are in inertial frames of reference.According to the priciple of relativity,the two observers must obtain the same result,despite the fact is that one is moving with respect to the other. In a particular frame of reference,suppose that two events occur at the same tile in space.The time dilation is delta(t) = [delta(t_o)/(1 - u^2/c^2)^1/2] We recal that no inertial observer can travel at u = c and note that (1 - u^2/c^2)^1/2 is imaginary for u > c.

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