PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS 1. Using the compounds below: A. Arrange the compounds f

Question

PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS 1. Using the compounds below: A. Arrange the compounds from most reduced to most oxidized (from left to right) B. Arrange the compounds from best electron donor to worst electron donor (from left to right) C. Explain and relate the two trends you see from A and B above. 2. Compare the G you calculated for Homo sapiens and Desu fonds audacviator The elec tron donors for both organisms sit very close together on the redox tower yet the AG is very different A. Explain why the AG is very different. (Hint: Look at the electron acceptors.) what does the difference in G mean for these two organisms? which organism needs to 'eat' more often? B. 3. The G of ATP hydrolysis is negative and the change in entropy is positive. Overall, this reaction: A. requires energy B. is endergonic C. is exergonic Explain why the AG is negative. 24

Explanation / Answer

1)

Oxidation state is determined by the number of C-X bonds where X is an electronegative atom/radical which has replaced an H. Higher oxidation state means it is the more oxidized form.

Above CO2 has 2 C=O, one C=O is equivalent two 2 C-O. the molecule has 4 C-X bonds

C2H6 has 0 C-X bonds

C2H5-OH has 1 C-X bond

CH3OH has 1 C-X bond

HCOOH has total of three equivalent C-X bond

A)Hence the reduced form series (left is most reduced) : C2H6 > CH3OH>C2H5-OH > HCOOH >  CO2

B) and C) Reduced Forms are better electron donors because they consist of atoms with low electronegativity like (H and C). Electronegativity is the tendency to attract electron cloud since the electronegativity is low they tend to attract with least power and give away the electrons and they themselves get oxidized. Hence the answer for this will be same as above : C2H6 > CH3OH>C2H5-OH > HCOOH >  CO2

2) Context required

3) Delta G being negative means the energy will be released during the process, hence answer is C, It is related to the concentration, by the formula Delta G= RT ln(Keq) for the reaction ATP + H2O > ADP + Pi . Because of higher concentration of water and ATP relative to ADP in the reaction Delta G comes out to be negative. Although this reaction also depends on several other factors.

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