Review Questions: 1. Use Table 5.2 to describe the structure and function of the
ID: 195347 • Letter: R
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Review Questions: 1. Use Table 5.2 to describe the structure and function of the cell types seen in this lab. Indicate the location of these structures in the various plant organs examined Table 52 Structure and Function of Plant Cells Cell Type Structure Function Plant Organ(s) Epidermis Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma Tracheids Vessels Sieve tubes Endodermis Primary Meristems Cambium Guard Cells Periderm Ray parenchyma Plant cells have cell walls and animal cells do not. How does this difference relate to differences in plant and animal function? 2. 3. What characteristic of sieve-tube structure provides a clue to the role of companion cells?Explanation / Answer
Cell type
Structure
Function
Plant organ
Epidermis
Epidermis is a layer of elongated, compactly arrange living cells without intercellular spaces.
Their outer walls are cutinized.
Protect the all parts of plant.
Produce waxy cuticle and reduce water loss.
Entire surface of aerial parts
Parenchyma
Parenchyma cells are thin-walled cells that make up the inside of many non-woody plant structures including stems, roots, and leaves. They have large central vacuoles.
Parenchyma forms the cortex of stems, the inner layer of cells within a leaf, the endosperm material that feeds a growing seed.
Parenchyma vacuoles are used by plant cells to store materials and to maintain optimal pressure within the cell of the plant.
Roots,Stems,Leaves
collenchyma
Simple permanent tissue of nonlignified living cells. The cells are elongated and having a large central vacuole, chloroplasts are present.
Provides mechanical support to young dicot stem and leaves.
Prevents tearing of leaves.
Collenchyma allows growth and elongation of organs.
take part in photosynthesis
Below the epidermis in the petiole, leaves, and stems.
sclerenchyma
Simple supportive tissue of highly thick walled cells with no protoplasm. The cell cavities are narrow. The wall made up of cellulose or lignin.
It allows the plant organs to tolerate bending, compression and pull by the environmental factor.
Provides rigidity to leaves and prevent their collapsing during temporary wilting.
Top elongation and hard surfaces like bark and seed coating.
Tracheid
They are elongated, dead cells with hard lignified walls, wide lumen and narrow end walls.
Provides mechanical support.
Allow unthickened areas rapid movement of water one tracheids to another.
Present as a type of xylem of a plant.
vessels
They are closed at either end. They are short, wide and thick ended cells. The end walls of vessels are transverse or oblique.
Help in quick movement of water.
Provide mechanical support. Conduction of organic food
Present as a type of xylem of a plant.
Sieve tubes
Elongated tubular conducting channels of phloem.
They have small pores and sieve plates.
Help in conduction of organic food.
Type of phloem
endodermis
Made up of barrel shaped cells with no intercellular spaces. Have unthicken cells are called passage.
Regulate the flow of fluid both inward and outward.
Endodermis present inner side of epidermis and inner boundary of cortex is single layered
Primary meristem
Derived directly from the meristem of the embryo, depending upon their position. like as apical, intercalary and lateral.
help in growth and elongation, protection of young buds and leaves
Tips of stem, roots, branches and plumule of embryo.
Cambium
Have phloem both on the outer and inner side of xylem and all are three lie on the same radius.
Water and food conduction
Found on the both outer and inner sides of xylem.
Guard cells
These are bean or kidney shaped in most plants and dumb bell shaped in grasses. Inner wall of guard cells are thick while outer ones are thin.
Help in stomata regulate transpiration and gaseous exchange.
Found in stomata
periderm
The periderm is the secondary protective tissue that replaces the epidermis during growth in thickness of stems and roots of gymnosperms and dicotyledons.
secondary thickening or as a response to injury or infection.
In woody plants, with the growth of the main stem in thickness, new layers of cork cambium, sequential. periderms, are formed in the secondary phloem.
Cutting off old non-functional phloem tissues from functional one
Outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants. Plants with bark include trees, woody vines, and shrubs and all the tissues outside of the vascular cambium
Ray parenchyma
Ray parenchyma cells occur in wood rays, the structures that transport materials laterally within a woody stem. Parenchyma cells also occur within the xylem and phloem of vascular bundles.
.
Ray parenchyma cells play an important role in the storage, conductive and secretory systems of woody plants. They maintain radial continuity between the phloem and xylem, thereby facilitating the radial and lateral transport of materials.
The parenchyma cells occur in the pith region, often, as in corn stems, being larger than the vascular bundles
Cell type
Structure
Function
Plant organ
Epidermis
Epidermis is a layer of elongated, compactly arrange living cells without intercellular spaces.
Their outer walls are cutinized.
Protect the all parts of plant.
Produce waxy cuticle and reduce water loss.
Entire surface of aerial parts
Parenchyma
Parenchyma cells are thin-walled cells that make up the inside of many non-woody plant structures including stems, roots, and leaves. They have large central vacuoles.
Parenchyma forms the cortex of stems, the inner layer of cells within a leaf, the endosperm material that feeds a growing seed.
Parenchyma vacuoles are used by plant cells to store materials and to maintain optimal pressure within the cell of the plant.
Roots,Stems,Leaves
collenchyma
Simple permanent tissue of nonlignified living cells. The cells are elongated and having a large central vacuole, chloroplasts are present.
Provides mechanical support to young dicot stem and leaves.
Prevents tearing of leaves.
Collenchyma allows growth and elongation of organs.
take part in photosynthesis
Below the epidermis in the petiole, leaves, and stems.
sclerenchyma
Simple supportive tissue of highly thick walled cells with no protoplasm. The cell cavities are narrow. The wall made up of cellulose or lignin.
It allows the plant organs to tolerate bending, compression and pull by the environmental factor.
Provides rigidity to leaves and prevent their collapsing during temporary wilting.
Top elongation and hard surfaces like bark and seed coating.
Tracheid
They are elongated, dead cells with hard lignified walls, wide lumen and narrow end walls.
Provides mechanical support.
Allow unthickened areas rapid movement of water one tracheids to another.
Present as a type of xylem of a plant.
vessels
They are closed at either end. They are short, wide and thick ended cells. The end walls of vessels are transverse or oblique.
Help in quick movement of water.
Provide mechanical support. Conduction of organic food
Present as a type of xylem of a plant.
Sieve tubes
Elongated tubular conducting channels of phloem.
They have small pores and sieve plates.
Help in conduction of organic food.
Type of phloem
endodermis
Made up of barrel shaped cells with no intercellular spaces. Have unthicken cells are called passage.
Regulate the flow of fluid both inward and outward.
Endodermis present inner side of epidermis and inner boundary of cortex is single layered
Primary meristem
Derived directly from the meristem of the embryo, depending upon their position. like as apical, intercalary and lateral.
help in growth and elongation, protection of young buds and leaves
Tips of stem, roots, branches and plumule of embryo.
Cambium
Have phloem both on the outer and inner side of xylem and all are three lie on the same radius.
Water and food conduction
Found on the both outer and inner sides of xylem.
Guard cells
These are bean or kidney shaped in most plants and dumb bell shaped in grasses. Inner wall of guard cells are thick while outer ones are thin.
Help in stomata regulate transpiration and gaseous exchange.
Found in stomata
periderm
The periderm is the secondary protective tissue that replaces the epidermis during growth in thickness of stems and roots of gymnosperms and dicotyledons.
secondary thickening or as a response to injury or infection.
In woody plants, with the growth of the main stem in thickness, new layers of cork cambium, sequential. periderms, are formed in the secondary phloem.
Cutting off old non-functional phloem tissues from functional one
Outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants. Plants with bark include trees, woody vines, and shrubs and all the tissues outside of the vascular cambium
Ray parenchyma
Ray parenchyma cells occur in wood rays, the structures that transport materials laterally within a woody stem. Parenchyma cells also occur within the xylem and phloem of vascular bundles.
.
Ray parenchyma cells play an important role in the storage, conductive and secretory systems of woody plants. They maintain radial continuity between the phloem and xylem, thereby facilitating the radial and lateral transport of materials.
The parenchyma cells occur in the pith region, often, as in corn stems, being larger than the vascular bundles
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