Bi pgists recognize three Domains of life: Bacteria, Figure 3-1. The tangled web

Question

Bi pgists recognize three Domains of life: Bacteria, Figure 3-1. The tangled web of life aea, and Eukarya (able 3-1). Members of the Bacteria Archaea are prokarvotes Coro an Assume that Bacteria are the most primitive organisms and concert Table 3-1 into a character matrix, using 0 for the primitive state and 1 for the derived state for each character. Construct a cladogram showing the relationships of the three domains of life, placing the characters on the cladogram. Compare your cladogram with Figure 3-1and write a 1 or 2 paragraph summary discussing how your cladogram is different or the same and why Horizontal Gene Transfer Horizontal gene transfer between genomes occurs when transposable elements or plasmids are exchanged, through viral infection, and as a result of the fusi Part 1. Ecological Importance of Bacteria Bacteria may be the dominant lifeform on Earth. Bacteria live in undersea sediments, glacial ice, inside volcanoes, in marine and freshwater environments, in the atmosphere and within other life forms. One gram (about a teaspoon) of forest soil ltter contains 4,000+ species. No eukaryote would exist without endosymbiotic associations with bacteria. of extant pro- jotic genes were nonzontally transferred at some point OCass iona: Characteristic Organelles Peptidoglycarn Bacteria Absent Present e 3-1. The three domains of life Archaea Absent Absent Eukarya Present Membrane lipids Unbranched hydrocarbons Some branched hydrocarbons Unbranched hydrocarbons RNA polymerase Start codon Introns Single Formyl-methionine Rare Multiple Methionine Methionine Commor Not inhibited Present Absent ona Antibiotic effectiveness Usually inhibited Not inhibited Present in some species Present DNA Histones Absent Circular chromosome Present

Explanation / Answer

DNA sequences in bacterial or archaeal sequences cluster in clades that are otherwise strictly eukaryotic. There appears to be a continuum of the degree to which different genes transfer across distantly related taxa.

Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary relationships between organisms. In Three Domain System, an evolutionary model of phylogeny based on differences in the sequences of nucleotides in the cell's ribosomal RNAs (rRNA), as well as the cell's membrane lipid structure and its sensitivity to antibiotics. Comparing rRNA structure is especially useful because rRNA molecules throughout life carry out the same function, their structure changes very little over time. Therefore similarities and dissimilarities in rRNA nucleotide sequences are a good explaination of related or unrelated different cells and organisms are.

Domain Archaea –

Domain Bacteria –

Domain Eukarya – eukaryotes, organisms that contain a membrane-bound nucleus.

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