[1]K). (5 Insert Design Layout References Mailings Review View Unit 1 Study Q a-

Question

[1]K). (5 Insert Design Layout References Mailings Review View Unit 1 Study Q a-search in Document ome Arial aste Styles St PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION) 19. What is RNA? How does the structure of RNA differ from that of DNA? 20. In all DNA, regardless of source, length, etc. A=T and G-C. Why, in RNA, does Atu and GtC? 21. Where in the cell does DNA transcription occur? What are the key stages of the process? 22. What portions of the DNA does a cell use for transcription to make an RNA molecule? 23. Once the cell has produced a new RNA molecule, what does it do with it?

Explanation / Answer

19.
RNA = Ribonucleic acid
Types = mRNA, rRNA and tRNA
Differences with DNA: RNA contains ribose sugar and Uracil base.
RNA is mostly single stranded whereas DNA exhibits double stranded helical structure. RNA can also form secondary structures such as hair pin loops.

20.
Chargaff's rule is applicable only to complementary double stranded nucleic acid molecules.
It is not applicable to ssRNA.

21.
Transcription occurs in the nucleus in eukaryotes.
Key steps in transcription:
1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

22.
Coding sequences of DNA are responsible for the production of RNA.
Non coding sequences help in gene regulation and DNA packaging.

23.
The new RNA molecule can be
1. Used to produce protein via translation
2. It can be a tRNA molecule
3. It can become a component of ribosome if it is an rRNA molecule

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