50. CHOOSE EITHER A OR B TO ANSWER (6 PTS) a. Mistakes in DNA can lead to seriou

Question

50. CHOOSE EITHER A OR B TO ANSWER (6 PTS) a. Mistakes in DNA can lead to serious diseases such as Tay Sachs, as we saw in the video. How do changes in DNA lead to a disease (what cellular processes are happening at the molecular level in the cell that lead from the change in the DNA to the person showing a phenotype)? Make sure to focus on the material in Module 2 when answering this question. OR b. Replication is a process that occurs naturally in a cell, where PCR is done by scientists in a laboratory. Compare replication and PCR by discussing the components and processes that are similar and the components and processes that are different. Finally, tell me why PCR is important in RFLP analysis.

Explanation / Answer

PCR is a technique which is used to amplify a given segment of DNA by using a thermal cycler which uses different temperatures, to first melt the DNA double helix into single stranded DNA, a second lower temperature to assist the annealing of the primers that the taw polymerase can extend and work at efficiently. Inside the cell there is no different temperatures but the processes happen at body temperature but these processes like melting of double helix DNA into single stranded is aided by cellular enzymes called helicases. The primers are synthesized dr Novo by primase whereas in PCR the pre synthesized primers are added to the reaction mixture. Nucleotides are present in both cases. DNA polymerase is used in replication whereas in pcr raw polymerase is used which is stable at high temperatures. The polymerization or replication of the DNA is similar in voth for leading strand. PCR replicates both strand through leading strand synthesis whrreas in cellular replication, 3'-5' strand or the coding strand is synthesised by lagging strand synthesis.

PCR is important in RFLP analysis to amplify the gene target before the restriction it. With more product it will be detectable. Rflp is performed with forensic samples which may not be in a good amount hence PCR is performed

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