Observe and explain: Thumbtacks have been used to pierce several holes in the si

Question

Observe and explain: Thumbtacks have been used to pierce several holes in the side of a plastic soda bottle-all at the same height. Then the holes have been taped over, and the bottle has been filled with water (and the lid left off). When you remove the tape, you should see something like the drawing here. How do the various streams of water compare with each other? What does this behavior indicate about the water pressure in the bottle at the level of the holes? How must that water pressure compare to the pressure of the air outside (which is essentially equal to the pressure at the top surface of the water, too)? Explain specifically why/how fluid pressure can exert forces in such directions. Think microscopically. Use the following prompts to help your thinking (you don't have to answer these additional questions): Would all fluids (gases and liquids) do something like this? A bottle of molasses? How about a bottle of air? What is it about a fluid that allows this? Would a bottle sand behave similarly if you made holes in the side? How about a bottle of marbles (assuming the holes were large enough for marbles to pass through)? How about a barrel full of bricks (assuming the holes were large enough for bricks to pass through)? What if the bricks were stacked in the barrel instead of tossed in randomly?

Explanation / Answer

the streams are similar, if all the holes are made at same height. this shows, that, pressure depends only on the height of the liquid column above . the pressure at any point inside the water is equal to P = Po + dgh where d= density of liquid g= 9.8 m/s^2 h= height of liquid above the point liquid exerts pressure on the side walls, as the molecules are in contact with the bottle surface. any liquid does the same. a bottle of marbles also does the same, if the holes are large enough

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