Objectives for Ch 22 1. Define evolution and adaptation 2. What was Aristotle\'s
ID: 191674 • Letter: O
Question
Objectives for Ch 22 1. Define evolution and adaptation 2. What was Aristotle's scala naturae? 3. Describe the ideas of catastrophism, gradualism transformism, and uniformitarianism 4. Explain "use and disuse" & "inheritance of acquired characteristics" for evolutionary change proposed by Jean Baptiste Lamarck. Explain why modern biology has rejected Lamarck's theories s. Explain how Hutton's principle of gradualism and Charles Lyell's principle of uniformitarianism influenced Darwin's ideas about evolution 6. Explain what evidence convinced Darwin that species change 7. Describe the observations that lead Darwin to propose natural 8. Explain how an essay by the Rev. Thomas Malthus influenced 9. Explain how the existence of homologous and vestigial over time selection as a mechanism for evolutionary change Charles Darwin. structures can be explained by Darwin's theory of natural selection. 10. Explain the terms analogous structures and convergent evolution 11. What is the supporting scientific evidence for evolution? 12. What is Darwinian fitness? How is this different from how 13. Explain why individuals cannot evolve. What is the smallest 14. What does it mean that natural selection acts on the non-scientists use this word? unit that can evolve? individual? Or acts on the phenotype? Or "grades on a curve"?Explanation / Answer
1) Evolution is the change in the alleles with in the genes in a population to produce beneficial traits.
Adaptation is to increase the fitness of a population in an particular environment.
2) Aristotles scala naturae is also called great chain of being. The chain starts with god and progress down ward to angels,demons,wild and domestic animals ,trees,plants stones metals and minerals.This system of classification is not good and rejected later.
3)
5)Two ideas from geology were important to Darwin's thinking? First, he asked himself: If the Earth could change over time, might life change as well? Second, he realized that it would have taken many years for life to change the way he suggested. This would mean the Earth was extremely old.
6)
7)
1)if there are too many individuals in a population, they must compete to survive.
2) survival depends partially on inherited traits, and those with more beneficial traits for surviving and reproducing are more likely to survive.
3) some animals will survive and others will die, and over time this will lead to gradual changes in the genetic makeup of the population, with positive traits accumulating over time.
8) Malthus's essay was on population growth and the tendency of organisms to overreproduce - he theorized that the reason for human suffering (war, disease, famine, homelessness, natural disasters) was to keep our population down and keep us from consuming all the food and resources. Darwin used this to say The ones with better traits are surviving.
9) Analogus structures are that do not indicate that there is a common ancestor between two organisms.
convergent evolution is two unrelated species undergo several changes and adaptations to become similar.
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.