Apoptosis . Watch the Khan Academy video about apoptosis (“Apoptosis”, n.d.), th

ID: 190198 • Letter: A

Question

Apoptosis. Watch the Khan Academy video about apoptosis (“Apoptosis”, n.d.), then address the following issues in your own words:

(a) What is the difference between apoptosis and necrosis?

(b) What is the role of apoptosis in normal, healthy development?

Reminder: you don't need to cite the Khan Academy video for this topic, but if you use any other sources, you must cite them.

References:

Apoptosis (n.d.). [video] Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-molecular-biology/stem-cells-and-cancer/v/apoptosis

Explanation / Answer

Apoptosis

Necrosis

Introduction

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a form of cell death triggered by normal, healthy body.

Necrosis is the premature death of cells and living tissue. it is an "unprogrammed" cell death process.

Natural

Yes

Caused by external factors such as infection, toxins, or trauma.

Effects

Almost alwys beneficial except when the balnce gets disrupted and too many cell or too few cells die

Always bad

Main steps

Membrane blebbing, shrinkage of cell, disruption of nucleaus (brought about collectively by nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, chromosomal DNA fragmentation), apoptopic body formation. Then, engulf by white blood cells.

Membrane disruption, respiratory poisons and hypoxia which cause ATP depletion, metabolic collapse, cell swelling and rupture leading to inflammation.

Symptoms

Usually no noticeable symptoms related to the process.

Inflammation, decreasing blood flow at affected site, tissue death (gangrene).

Causes

Self-generated signals in a cell. Generally natural part of life, the continuation of the cellular cycle initiated by mitosis.

Bacterial or fungal infections, denatured proteins that impede circulation, fungal and mycobacterial infections, pancreatitis, deposits of antigens and antibodies combined with fibrin.

Medical Treatment

Treatment is required very rarely

Always requires medical treatment. Untreated necrosis is dangerous and can lead to death.

b) Apoptosis in normal, healthy cells helps in removing cells during development, eliminating potentially cancerous and virus-infected cells, and maintaining balance in the body.it plays an important role in gamete maturation as well as in embryo development, thus leading to formation of various organs and structures of apprppriate size.

Reference: